ꯇꯤꯌꯥꯃꯠ
ꯇꯤꯌꯥꯃꯠ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯥꯏꯃꯣꯔꯗꯤꯌꯦꯜ ꯆꯔꯥꯡꯅꯕ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯕꯦꯕꯤꯂꯣꯟꯒꯤ ꯑꯀꯟ-ꯑꯊꯧꯒꯤ ꯋꯥꯔꯤ ꯑꯦꯅꯨꯃꯥ ꯑꯦꯂꯤꯁꯇꯒꯤ ꯈ꯭ꯋꯥꯏꯗꯒꯤ ꯃꯃꯤꯡ ꯆꯠꯄ ꯊꯨꯝꯒꯤ ꯁꯃꯨꯗ꯭ꯔꯒ ꯃꯔꯤ ꯂꯩꯅꯕ ꯃꯦꯁꯣꯄꯣꯇꯦꯃꯤꯌꯥꯒꯤ ꯂꯥꯏꯔꯦꯝꯕꯤꯅꯤ꯫ ꯊꯥꯏꯅꯒꯤ ꯋꯥꯔꯤ ꯑꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯈꯜ ꯈꯨꯗꯤꯡꯃꯛꯇ, ꯑꯁꯦꯡꯕ ꯑꯗꯨꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯨꯡ ꯏꯟꯅ, ꯇꯤꯌꯥꯃꯠꯅ ꯃꯇꯝ ꯄꯨꯝꯅꯃꯛꯇ ꯆꯔꯥꯡꯅꯕ ꯂꯥꯟꯃꯤꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯃꯁꯛ ꯇꯥꯛꯂꯤ, ꯃꯁꯤꯅ ꯂꯥꯏꯁꯤꯡꯅ ꯂꯤꯡꯈꯠꯈꯤꯕ ꯃꯊꯪ-ꯃꯅꯥꯎ ꯑꯗꯨꯗ ꯆꯩꯊꯦꯡ ꯄꯤꯔꯤ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯥꯔꯗꯨꯛ (ꯅꯠꯇ꯭ꯔꯒ ꯑꯁꯤꯔꯤꯌꯥꯒꯤ ꯃꯈꯜꯁꯤꯡꯗ ꯑꯁꯨꯔ) ꯑꯁꯤꯅ ꯃꯁꯤꯕꯨ ꯉꯥꯛꯇꯨꯅ ꯊꯝꯂꯤꯕ ꯍꯤꯔꯣꯅꯤ꯫
ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯄꯨ, ꯃꯇꯨꯡ ꯇꯥꯔꯛꯄ ꯃꯇꯝꯁꯤꯡꯗ, ꯑꯦꯅꯨꯃꯥ ꯑꯦꯂꯤꯁꯇ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯃꯇꯥꯡꯗ ꯃꯌꯦꯛ ꯁꯦꯡꯅ ꯁꯟꯗꯣꯛꯅ ꯇꯥꯛꯄꯗ ꯌꯨꯝꯐꯝ ꯑꯣꯏꯔꯒ ꯅꯨꯄꯤ ꯁꯥꯄꯟ ꯅꯠꯇ꯭ꯔꯒ ꯗ꯭ꯔꯦꯒꯟ ꯑꯃ ꯑꯣꯏꯅ ꯎꯠꯂꯤ, ꯑꯗꯨꯕꯨ ꯑꯔꯤꯕ ꯃꯦꯁꯣꯄꯣꯇꯦꯃꯤꯌꯥꯗꯒꯤ ꯃꯤꯇꯝ ꯑꯃꯠꯇ ꯂꯩꯇꯦ꯫ ꯁ꯭ꯀꯣꯂꯔ ꯖꯦꯔꯦꯃꯤ ꯕ꯭ꯂꯦꯛꯀꯤ ꯃꯇꯨꯡ ꯏꯟꯅ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯃꯃꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ "ꯁꯃꯨꯗ꯭ꯔ" ꯍꯥꯏꯅ ꯋꯥꯍꯟꯊꯣꯛ ꯄꯤꯕ ꯇꯤꯌꯥꯝꯇꯝ ꯍꯥꯏꯕ ꯋꯥꯍꯩ ꯑꯁꯤꯗꯒꯤ ꯂꯥꯛꯄꯅꯤ (ꯂꯥꯏꯁꯤꯡ, ꯗꯦꯃꯟꯁ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯁꯤꯝꯕꯣꯜꯁ, ꯱꯷꯷)꯫ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯃꯃꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯌꯥꯝꯅ ꯃꯃꯥꯡꯒꯤ ꯑꯛꯀꯥꯗꯤꯌꯟꯒꯤ ꯑꯍꯛꯄ ꯑꯃꯗ ꯄꯟꯈ꯭ꯔꯕꯁꯨ, ꯕꯦꯕꯤꯂꯣꯟꯒꯤ ꯅꯤꯡꯊꯧ ꯍꯝꯃꯨꯔꯥꯕꯤ (ꯈ꯭ꯔꯤꯁ꯭ꯇꯒꯤ ꯃꯃꯥꯡ ꯆꯍꯤ ꯱꯷꯹꯲-꯱꯷꯵꯰)ꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯝꯗ ꯏꯈꯤꯕ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯍꯧꯁꯥꯅ ꯈ꯭ꯔꯤꯁ꯭ꯇꯒꯤ ꯃꯃꯥꯡ ꯆꯍꯤ ꯱꯷꯵꯰ꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯝꯗ ꯏꯈꯤꯕ ꯑꯦꯅꯨꯃꯥ ꯑꯦꯂꯤꯁ ꯐꯥꯎꯕ ꯃꯍꯥꯛ ꯍꯧꯖꯤꯛ ꯂꯩꯔꯤꯕ ꯃꯦꯁꯣꯄꯣꯇꯦꯃꯤꯌꯥꯒꯤ ꯊꯥꯏꯅꯒꯤ ꯑꯣꯏꯕ ꯁꯥꯍꯤꯇ꯭ꯌꯗ ꯌꯥꯎꯈꯤꯗꯦ ꯑꯗꯨꯕꯨ ꯃꯃꯥꯡꯗ ꯏꯔꯝꯕ ꯆꯤꯡꯅꯕ ꯂꯩꯇꯦ꯫
ꯇꯤꯌꯥꯃꯠ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯁꯨꯃꯦꯔꯤꯌꯥꯒꯤ ꯃꯃꯥ ꯂꯥꯏꯔꯦꯝꯕꯤ ꯅꯥꯝꯃꯨ (ꯅꯝꯃꯥ ꯍꯥꯏꯅꯁꯨ ꯄꯤꯕ)ꯒꯤ ꯕꯦꯕꯤꯂꯣꯟꯒꯤ ꯃꯑꯣꯡ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ ꯑꯗꯨꯕꯨ ꯂꯥꯏ ꯑꯅꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯔꯛꯇ ꯃꯔꯨꯑꯣꯏꯕ ꯈꯦꯠꯅꯕ ꯂꯩ, ꯃꯔꯨꯑꯣꯏꯅ ꯅꯝꯃꯨ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯂꯦꯞꯄ ꯂꯩꯇꯅ ꯌꯣꯛꯈꯠꯄ, ꯌꯦꯡꯁꯤꯟꯕꯤꯕ ꯃꯤꯁꯛ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ ꯑꯗꯨꯒ ꯇꯤꯌꯥꯃꯠꯅ ꯂꯃꯟ ꯈꯨꯝꯅꯕ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯅꯣꯡꯂꯩ-ꯅꯨꯡꯁꯤꯠ ꯇꯧꯕ ꯑꯣꯏ ꯫ ꯑꯦꯅꯨꯃꯥ ꯑꯦꯂꯤꯁꯇ, ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯄꯨ ꯍꯤꯔꯣ-ꯂꯥꯏ ꯃꯥꯔꯗꯨꯛꯅ ꯃꯥꯏꯊꯤꯕ ꯄꯤꯈꯤ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯄꯣꯜ ꯀ꯭ꯔꯤꯋꯥꯛꯖꯦꯛꯒꯨꯝꯕ ꯑꯈꯪ-ꯑꯍꯩ ꯈꯔꯅ ꯁꯩꯔꯦꯡ ꯑꯁꯤꯕꯨ ꯃꯦꯁꯣꯄꯣꯇꯦꯃꯤꯌꯥꯒꯤ ꯈꯨꯟꯅꯥꯏꯗ ꯅꯨꯄꯥ ꯂꯨꯆꯤꯡꯕ (ꯂꯨꯒꯥꯜ = ꯕꯤꯒ ꯃꯦꯟ ꯍꯥꯏꯅ ꯈꯪꯅꯕ) ꯑꯁꯤ ꯆꯥꯎꯈꯠꯂꯛꯄꯒꯤ "ꯀꯣꯗꯤꯐꯥꯏꯗ" ꯄꯨꯋꯥꯔꯤ ꯑꯃ ꯑꯣꯏꯅ ꯂꯧꯋꯤ꯫[꯱][꯲][꯳][꯴]
ꯁꯦꯝꯕ
ꯁꯦꯝꯒꯠꯂꯨꯇꯤꯌꯥꯃꯠꯀꯤ ꯃꯃꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯁꯃꯨꯗ꯭ꯔꯒꯤ ꯑꯛꯀꯥꯗꯤꯌꯟ ꯋꯥꯍꯩꯗꯒꯤ ꯂꯥꯛꯄꯅꯤ꯫ ꯃꯍꯥꯛ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯃꯔꯨ ꯑꯣꯏꯅ ꯕꯦꯕꯤꯂꯣꯟꯒꯤ ꯁꯦꯝꯒꯠꯄꯒꯤ ꯋꯥꯔꯤ ꯑꯦꯅꯨꯃꯥ ꯏꯂꯤꯁꯇꯒꯤ ꯈꯪꯅꯩ꯫ ꯊꯥꯏꯅꯒꯤ ꯋꯥꯔꯤ ꯑꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯨꯡ ꯏꯟꯅ, ꯍꯧꯔꯛꯄꯗ ꯇꯤꯌꯥꯃꯠ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯑꯞꯁꯨ ꯈꯛꯇꯃꯛ ꯂꯩꯔꯝꯃꯤ, ꯃꯈꯣꯏꯒꯤ ꯏꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯅꯤ ꯄꯨꯟꯁꯤꯟꯅꯕꯅ ꯑꯍꯥꯟꯕ ꯂꯥꯏꯁꯤꯡ, ꯐꯥꯏꯕꯣꯛ ꯂꯥꯍꯃꯨ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯂꯥꯍꯥꯃꯨ ꯄꯨꯊꯣꯛꯈꯤ꯫ ꯃꯗꯨꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯨꯡꯗ ꯂꯥꯏ ꯍꯦꯟꯅ ꯂꯥꯛꯈꯤ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯂꯥꯟ ꯊꯨꯅ ꯊꯣꯛꯂꯛꯈꯤ꯫ ꯇꯤꯌꯥꯃꯠ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯑꯞꯁꯨꯅ ꯄꯣꯊꯥꯕ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯏꯅꯔꯁꯤꯌꯥꯕꯨ ꯁꯧꯒꯠꯈꯤ, ꯑꯗꯨꯒ ꯅꯍꯥ ꯑꯣꯏꯔꯤꯕ ꯂꯥꯏꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯊꯕꯛ ꯊꯧꯑꯣꯡ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯄꯥꯡꯒꯜꯅ ꯃꯔꯝ ꯑꯣꯏꯗꯨꯅ ꯃꯈꯣꯜ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯑꯇꯣꯞꯄ ꯑꯀꯥꯏꯕ ꯊꯣꯛꯍꯟꯈꯤ꯫ ꯁꯤꯡꯊꯥꯅꯤꯡꯉꯥꯏ ꯑꯣꯏꯅ, ꯂꯥꯏꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯖꯒꯣꯏ ꯑꯁꯤꯅ ꯇꯤꯌꯥꯃꯠꯄꯨ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯏꯁꯤꯡ ꯊꯨꯝꯖꯤꯟꯗꯨꯅ ꯅꯨꯡꯉꯥꯏꯇꯕ ꯐꯥꯎꯍꯟꯈꯤ꯫ ꯇꯤꯌꯥꯃꯠꯅ ꯑꯀꯟꯕ ꯌꯥꯅꯤꯡꯗꯕ ꯎꯠꯂꯕꯁꯨ ꯑꯞꯁꯨꯅ ꯑꯔꯣꯏꯕꯗ ꯃꯈꯣꯏꯕꯨ ꯃꯥꯡꯍꯟ ꯇꯥꯛꯍꯟꯅꯕ ꯋꯥꯔꯦꯞ ꯂꯧꯈꯤ꯫ ꯑꯗꯨꯝ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯃꯛ, ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯅ ꯂꯥꯟꯗꯥꯕ ꯉꯝꯗ꯭ꯔꯤꯉꯩ ꯃꯃꯥꯡꯗ ꯂꯥꯏ ꯏꯌꯥꯅ ꯑꯞꯁꯨꯕꯨ ꯍꯥꯠꯈꯤ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯃꯊꯛꯇ ꯂꯥꯏꯁꯪ ꯑꯃ ꯁꯥꯈꯤ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯂꯥꯏꯁꯪ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯑꯔꯣꯏꯕꯗ ꯃꯃꯤꯡ ꯂꯩꯔꯕ ꯍꯤꯔꯣ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯑꯔꯣꯏꯕꯗ ꯂꯥꯏꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯂꯨꯆꯤꯡꯕ ꯑꯣꯏꯔꯤꯕ ꯃꯥꯔꯗꯨꯛꯀꯤ ꯄꯣꯛꯐꯝ ꯑꯣꯏꯈꯤ꯫[꯱][꯲][꯳][꯴]
ꯂꯥꯟ
ꯁꯦꯝꯒꯠꯂꯨꯃꯥꯔꯗꯨꯛꯀꯤ ꯃꯄꯨꯕꯣꯛ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯁꯔꯒꯀꯤ ꯂꯥꯏ ꯑꯅꯨꯅꯤ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯥꯔꯗꯨꯛ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯅꯣꯡꯂꯩ-ꯅꯨꯡꯁꯤꯠꯀꯤ ꯂꯥꯏ ꯑꯃ ꯑꯣꯏꯅ ꯍꯧꯈꯤꯕ ꯑꯣꯏꯔꯝꯕ ꯌꯥꯏ꯫ ꯑꯅꯨꯅ ꯅꯨꯡꯁꯤꯠ ꯃꯔꯤ ꯁꯦꯝꯈꯤ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯈꯣꯏꯕꯨ ꯃꯥꯔꯗꯨꯛꯇ ꯁꯥꯟꯅꯅꯕ ꯄꯤꯈꯤ꯫ ꯍꯨꯝꯂꯛꯂꯤꯕ ꯅꯨꯡꯁꯤꯠꯅ ꯇꯤꯌꯥꯃꯠꯀꯤ ꯏꯁꯤꯡ ꯊꯨꯝꯖꯤꯟꯈꯤ, ꯃꯁꯤꯅ ꯂꯥꯏꯔꯦꯝꯕꯤ ꯑꯗꯨꯕꯨ ꯍꯦꯟꯅ ꯅꯨꯡꯉꯥꯏꯇꯕ ꯐꯥꯎꯍꯟꯈꯤ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯊꯛꯇ, ꯑꯍꯜ ꯑꯣꯏꯔꯕ ꯂꯥꯏꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯀꯥꯡꯂꯨꯞ ꯑꯃꯁꯨ ꯑꯌꯦꯠ-ꯑꯄꯟ ꯑꯗꯨꯒ ꯂꯣꯏꯅꯅ ꯏꯀꯥꯏ ꯈꯨꯝꯅꯕ ꯎꯠꯄꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯥꯡꯗ ꯅꯨꯡꯉꯥꯏꯇꯕ ꯐꯥꯎꯈꯤ꯫ ꯃꯈꯣꯏꯅ ꯇꯤꯌꯥꯃꯠꯄꯨ ꯁꯣꯛꯍꯜꯂꯕ ꯂꯥꯏꯁꯤꯡꯕꯨ ꯍꯥꯠꯅꯕ ꯇꯛꯁꯤꯟꯈꯤ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯑꯔꯣꯏꯕꯗ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯅ ꯌꯥꯅꯤꯡꯈꯤ, ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯂꯣꯏꯅꯕꯤ ꯀꯤꯡꯒꯨꯅ ꯂꯨꯆꯤꯡꯕ ꯍꯤꯡꯆꯥꯕꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯂꯥꯟꯃꯤ ꯑꯃ ꯁꯦꯝꯈꯤ꯫ ꯇꯤꯌꯥꯃꯠꯀꯤ ꯂꯥꯟꯃꯤꯁꯤꯡꯕꯨ ꯑꯇꯤꯌꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯥꯂꯦꯝꯒꯤ ꯂꯩꯃꯥꯏ ꯑꯅꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯍꯨꯠ ꯁꯤꯟꯈꯤꯕ ꯑꯟꯁꯥꯔ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯀꯤꯁꯥꯔꯒꯤ ꯂꯥꯟꯃꯤꯁꯤꯡꯅ ꯌꯥꯅꯤꯡꯗꯕ ꯐꯣꯡꯗꯣꯛꯈꯤ꯫ ꯃꯈꯣꯏꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯇꯤꯌꯥꯃꯠ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯑꯞꯁꯨ ꯅꯠꯇ꯭ꯔꯒ ꯂꯥꯍꯃꯨ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯂꯥꯍꯥꯃꯨꯒꯤ ꯃꯆꯥꯁꯤꯡꯅꯤ꯫ ꯏꯌꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯑꯅꯨ ꯑꯅꯤꯃꯛꯅ ꯇꯤꯌꯥꯃꯠꯄꯨ ꯅꯥꯀꯟꯗ ꯑꯣꯟꯊꯣꯛꯄ ꯉꯝꯗꯕꯗꯒꯤ ꯑꯟꯁꯥꯔꯅ ꯃꯥꯔꯗꯨꯛꯇ ꯂꯥꯏꯔꯦꯝꯕꯤ ꯑꯗꯨꯒ ꯂꯥꯟꯊꯦꯡꯅꯅꯕ ꯍꯥꯏꯈꯤ꯫ ꯃꯥꯔꯗꯨꯛꯅ ꯌꯥꯈꯤ ꯑꯗꯨꯕꯨ ꯃꯗꯨꯒꯤ ꯃꯍꯨꯠꯇ ꯃꯄꯨꯡ ꯐꯥꯕ ꯑꯉꯝꯕ ꯄꯤꯅꯕ ꯇꯛꯁꯤꯟꯈꯤ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯑꯔꯣꯏꯕꯗ ꯐꯤꯚꯝ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯌꯥꯈꯤ꯫ ꯃꯥꯔꯗꯨꯛꯄꯨ ꯅꯤꯡꯊꯧ ꯑꯣꯏꯍꯟꯈꯤ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯇꯤꯌꯥꯃꯠꯀꯤ ꯃꯥꯌꯣꯛꯇ ꯂꯦꯞꯈꯤ꯫[꯱][꯲][꯳][꯴]
ꯁꯤꯕ
ꯁꯦꯝꯒꯠꯂꯨꯃꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯂꯥꯟꯃꯤꯁꯤꯡꯅ ꯆꯦꯟꯈ꯭ꯔꯕꯁꯨ, ꯇꯤꯌꯥꯃꯠꯅ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯂꯝꯗ ꯂꯦꯞꯈꯤ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯥꯔꯗꯨꯛꯀ ꯂꯥꯟꯊꯦꯡꯅꯈꯤ꯫ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯅ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯄꯨ ꯉꯝꯍꯟꯗꯅꯕ ꯅꯨꯡꯁꯤꯠ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯊꯥꯈꯤ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯗꯨꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯨꯡꯗ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯄꯨ ꯊꯃꯣꯏꯗ ꯇꯦꯟꯖꯩ ꯑꯃꯅ ꯍꯥꯠꯈꯤ꯫ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯍꯛꯆꯥꯡ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯑꯅꯤ ꯊꯣꯛꯅ ꯈꯥꯏꯗꯣꯛꯂꯕ ꯃꯇꯨꯡꯗ, ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯅ ꯅꯨꯃꯤꯠ, ꯊꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯀꯟꯁꯇꯦꯂꯦꯁꯟꯁꯤꯡ ꯁꯤꯟꯗꯣꯛꯇꯨꯅ ꯑꯇꯤꯌꯥ ꯁꯦꯝꯅꯕ ꯇꯪꯈꯥꯏ ꯑꯃ ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯈꯤ꯫ ꯑꯇꯣꯞꯄ ꯇꯪꯈꯥꯏꯗꯒꯤ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯅ ꯃꯥꯂꯦꯝ ꯁꯦꯝꯈꯤ, ꯆꯤꯡꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯀꯟꯇꯤꯅꯦꯟꯠꯁꯤꯡ ꯁꯦꯝꯈꯤ꯫ ꯃꯥꯔꯗꯨꯛꯅ ꯑꯅꯤꯃꯛꯀꯤ ꯃꯊꯛꯇ ꯂꯩꯉꯥꯛꯈꯤ꯫[꯱][꯲][꯳][꯴]
ꯃꯇꯦꯡ ꯂꯧꯔꯛꯐꯝ
ꯁꯦꯝꯒꯠꯂꯨ- ↑ ꯱.꯰ ꯱.꯱ ꯱.꯲ ꯱.꯳ Kramer, S. N. The Sumerians: Their History, Culture, and Character. University of Chicago Press, 1971.
- ↑ ꯲.꯰ ꯲.꯱ ꯲.꯲ ꯲.꯳ Leick, G. The A to Z of Mesopotamia. Scarecrow Press, 2010.
- ↑ ꯳.꯰ ꯳.꯱ ꯳.꯲ ꯳.꯳ Wolkstein, D. & Kramer, S. N. Inanna, Queen of Heaven and Earth. Harper Perennial, 1983.
- ↑ ꯴.꯰ ꯴.꯱ ꯴.꯲ ꯴.꯳ Black, J. , et. al. The Literature of Ancient Sumer. Oxford University Press, U.S.A., 2006.