ꯏꯎꯔꯣꯞꯀꯤ ꯂꯣꯟꯁꯤꯡ
ꯏꯌꯨꯔꯣꯞꯀꯤ ꯂꯣꯟ ꯑꯌꯥꯝꯕꯥ ꯏꯟꯗꯣ-ꯏꯌꯨꯔꯣꯞꯀꯤ ꯃꯅꯨꯡ ꯆꯟꯂꯤ ꯫ ꯃꯤꯁꯤꯡ ꯷꯴꯴ ꯃꯤꯂꯤꯑꯣꯟ ꯂꯩꯕꯒꯤ ꯃꯅꯨꯡꯗ (꯲꯰꯱꯸) ꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯨꯡ ꯏꯟꯅ ꯏꯟꯗꯣ-ꯏꯌꯨꯔꯣꯄꯤꯌꯥꯟ ꯂꯣꯟ ꯉꯥꯡꯕ ꯃꯤꯁꯤꯡꯅꯥ ꯆꯥꯗꯥ ꯹꯴% ꯅꯤ ꯫ ꯏꯌꯨꯔꯣꯞꯇꯥ ꯂꯣꯟ ꯵ ꯃꯨꯛ ꯂꯩ ꯃꯤꯂꯤꯑꯣꯟ ꯵꯰ ꯗꯒꯤ ꯍꯦꯟꯕ ꯃꯤꯁꯤꯡꯅꯥ ꯉꯥꯡꯅꯕ, ꯂꯣꯟꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯗꯨꯗꯤ ꯐ꯭ꯔꯦꯟꯆ, ꯏꯇꯥꯂꯤꯌꯥꯟ, ꯖꯔꯃꯟ, ꯏꯪꯂꯤꯁ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯔꯨꯁꯤꯌꯥꯟ ꯫ ꯏꯌꯨꯔꯣꯞꯀꯤ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯗꯤ ꯔꯁꯤꯌꯥꯟ ꯂꯣꯟ ꯉꯥꯡꯕ ꯈꯨꯋꯥꯏꯗꯒꯤ ꯃꯤꯁꯤꯡ ꯌꯥꯝꯃꯤ(ꯃꯤꯂꯤꯑꯣꯟ ꯱꯰꯰ ꯒꯤ ꯃꯊꯛꯇꯥ ꯏꯌꯨꯔꯣꯞꯇꯥ ꯂꯩ) ꯫
ꯏꯌꯨꯔꯣꯞꯀꯤ ꯂꯣꯟꯁꯤꯡ
ꯁꯦꯝꯒꯠꯂꯨꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯄꯔꯤꯡꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯑꯥꯏꯑꯦꯁꯑꯣ ꯶꯳꯹ ꯀꯣꯗ ꯂꯩꯔꯕ ꯂꯣꯟꯁꯤꯡꯅꯤ, ꯃꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯇꯥꯛꯄꯗꯤ ꯃꯤꯑꯣꯏ ꯐꯨꯔꯨꯞ ꯈꯔꯥꯒꯤ ꯂꯣꯟ ꯑꯗꯨꯕꯨ ꯉꯥꯡꯂꯤꯕ ꯃꯤꯑꯣꯏꯁꯤꯡꯗꯨꯒꯤ ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯄꯔꯤꯡ ꯁꯤꯗ ꯌꯥꯎꯕ ꯌꯥꯅꯤ ꯫
ꯃꯇꯦꯡ ꯂꯧꯐꯝ
ꯁꯦꯝꯒꯠꯂꯨ- ↑ ꯇꯦꯝꯄ꯭ꯂꯦꯠ:E18
- ↑ ꯇꯦꯝꯄ꯭ꯂꯦꯠ:E18
- ↑ ꯇꯦꯝꯄ꯭ꯂꯦꯠ:E18
- ↑ Albanian. Retrieved on 12 December 2018 ꯫ Population total of all languages of the Albanian macrolanguage.
- ↑ Albanian, Arbëreshë.
- ↑ Toso, Fiorenzo (2006). in Baldini & Castoldi: Lingue d'Europa. La pluralità linguistica dei Paesi europei fra passato e presente, 90.
- ↑ (2004) in P. Bruni: Arbëreshë: cultura e civiltà di un popolo.
- ↑ Ethnologue: Albanian, Arbëreshë.
- ↑ "Currently there are about fifty Albanian-speaking centres in Italy, with a population estimated to be around 100,000, though there are no precise figures for the actual numbers of Italo-Albanians. The most recent precise figure is given in the census for 1921; the number of Albanian speakers was 80,282, far fewer than the 197 thousand mentioned in the study of A. Frega of 1997."
Albanian Cultural Profile. Dipartimento di Scienze Statistiche, Università degli Studi di Bari, Italia. Archived from the original on 2016-12-13 ꯫ Retrieved on 2019-08-04 ꯫ - ↑ https://www.consiglioregionale.calabria.it%2Fupload%2Ftesticoordinati%2FLR%252015-2003(TC).doc&usg=AOvVaw3b_0rnoUMKe_LqDmReh8QK
- ↑ [১] Report about Census of population 2011 of Aragonese Sociolinguistics Seminar and University of Zaragoza
- ↑ Más de 50.000 personas hablan aragonés. Archived from the original on January 1, 2015 ꯫
- ↑ ꯇꯦꯝꯄ꯭ꯂꯦꯠ:E18
- ↑ ꯱꯴.꯰ ꯱꯴.꯱ III Sociolinguistic Study of Asturias (2017). Euskobarometro.
- ↑ German dialect, ꯇꯦꯝꯄ꯭ꯂꯦꯠ:E18
- ↑ Total population 24 million, c. 130,000 in Dagestan, c. 400,000 in Azerbajjan's Quba-Khachmaz region, technically in Europe (being north of the Caucasus watershed). In addition, there are about 0.5 million speakers in immigrant communities in Russia, see #Immigrant communities. ꯇꯦꯝꯄ꯭ꯂꯦꯠ:E18
- ↑ ꯇꯦꯝꯄ꯭ꯂꯦꯠ:E18
- ↑ ꯇꯦꯝꯄ꯭ꯂꯦꯠ:Fr icon VI° Enquête Sociolinguistique en Euskal herria (Communauté Autonome d'Euskadi, Navarre et Pays Basque Nord) Archived ꯲꯰꯱꯸-꯰꯸-꯲꯱ at the Wayback Machine (2016).
- ↑ ꯇꯦꯝꯄ꯭ꯂꯦꯠ:E18
- ↑ ꯇꯦꯝꯄ꯭ꯂꯦꯠ:E18
- ↑ ꯇꯦꯝꯄ꯭ꯂꯦꯠ:E18
- ↑ ꯇꯦꯝꯄ꯭ꯂꯦꯠ:E18
- ↑ Catalan.
- ↑ Informe sobre la Situació de la Llengua Catalana | Xarxa CRUSCAT. Coneixements, usos i representacions del català..
- ↑ ꯇꯦꯝꯄ꯭ꯂꯦꯠ:E18
- ↑ ꯇꯦꯝꯄ꯭ꯂꯦꯠ:E18
- ↑ German dialect, ꯇꯦꯝꯄ꯭ꯂꯦꯠ:E18
- ↑ UK 2011 Census
- ↑ ꯲꯹.꯰ ꯲꯹.꯱ ꯇꯦꯝꯄ꯭ꯂꯦꯠ:E18
- ↑ ꯇꯦꯝꯄ꯭ꯂꯦꯠ:E18
- ↑ ꯇꯦꯝꯄ꯭ꯂꯦꯠ:E18
- ↑ ꯇꯦꯝꯄ꯭ꯂꯦꯠ:E18
- ↑ ꯇꯦꯝꯄ꯭ꯂꯦꯠ:E18
- ↑ recognized as official language in Nordfriesland, Schleswig-Flensburg, Flensburg and Rendsburg-Eckernförde (§ 82b LVwG)
- ↑ ꯇꯦꯝꯄ꯭ꯂꯦꯠ:E18
- ↑ ꯇꯦꯝꯄ꯭ꯂꯦꯠ:E18
- ↑ ꯳꯷.꯰ ꯳꯷.꯱ ꯳꯷.꯲ ꯳꯷.꯳ ꯳꯷.꯴ Europeans and their Languages Archived ꯶ ꯖꯥꯅꯨꯋꯥꯔꯤ ꯲꯰꯱꯶ at the Wayback Machine, Data for EU27, published in 2012.
- ↑ ꯇꯦꯝꯄ꯭ꯂꯦꯠ:E18
- ↑ ꯇꯦꯝꯄ꯭ꯂꯦꯠ:E18
- ↑ ꯇꯦꯝꯄ꯭ꯂꯦꯠ:E18
- ↑ ꯇꯦꯝꯄ꯭ꯂꯦꯠ:E18
- ↑ ꯇꯦꯝꯄ꯭ꯂꯦꯠ:E18
- ↑ ꯇꯦꯝꯄ꯭ꯂꯦꯠ:E18
- ↑ ꯇꯦꯝꯄ꯭ꯂꯦꯠ:E18
- ↑ Le Statut spécial de la Vallée d'Aoste, Article 38, Title VI. Region Vallée d'Aoste. Retrieved on 2 May 2014.
- ↑ ꯇꯦꯝꯄ꯭ꯂꯦꯠ:E18
- ↑ recognized as official language in the Nordfriesland district and in Helgoland (§ 82b LVwG).
- ↑ ꯇꯦꯝꯄ꯭ꯂꯦꯠ:E18
- ↑ ꯇꯦꯝꯄ꯭ꯂꯦꯠ:E18
- ↑ includes: bar Bavarian, cim Cimbrian, ksh Kölsch, sli Lower Silesian, vmf Mainfränkisch, pfl Palatinate German, swg Swabian German, gsw Swiss German, sxu Upper Saxon, wae Walser German, wep Westphalian, wym Wymysorys, yec Yenish, yid Yiddish; see German dialects.
- ↑ STATUTO SPECIALE PER IL TRENTINO-ALTO ADIGE Archived ꯲꯰꯱꯸-꯱꯱-꯲꯶ at the Wayback Machine (1972), Art. 99–101.
- ↑ https://www.ethnologue.com/18/language/kat/
- ↑ 11 million in Greece, out of 13.4 million in total. ꯇꯦꯝꯄ꯭ꯂꯦꯠ:E18
- ↑ ꯇꯦꯝꯄ꯭ꯂꯦꯠ:E18
- ↑ ꯇꯦꯝꯄ꯭ꯂꯦꯠ:E18
- ↑ ꯇꯦꯝꯄ꯭ꯂꯦꯠ:E18
- ↑ ꯇꯦꯝꯄ꯭ꯂꯦꯠ:E18
- ↑ ꯇꯦꯝꯄ꯭ꯂꯦꯠ:E18
- ↑ ꯇꯦꯝꯄ꯭ꯂꯦꯠ:E18
- ↑ ꯇꯦꯝꯄ꯭ꯂꯦꯠ:E18
- ↑ ꯇꯦꯝꯄ꯭ꯂꯦꯠ:E18
- ↑ N. Vincent, Italian, in B. Comrie (ed.) The world's major languages, London, Croom Helm, 1981. pp. 279-302.
- ↑ Consiglio regionale della Calabria.
- ↑ Archived copy. Archived from the original on 2018-01-22 ꯫ Retrieved on 2019-08-04 ꯫
- ↑ ꯇꯦꯝꯄ꯭ꯂꯦꯠ:E18
- ↑ ꯇꯦꯝꯄ꯭ꯂꯦꯠ:E18
- ↑ SIL Ethnologue: "Not the dominant language for most. Formerly the main language of Sephardic Jewry. Used in literary and music contexts." ca. 100k speakers in total, most of them in Israel, small communities in the Balkans, Greece, Turkey and in Spain.
- ↑ ꯇꯦꯝꯄ꯭ꯂꯦꯠ:E18
- ↑ ꯇꯦꯝꯄ꯭ꯂꯦꯠ:E18
- ↑ ꯇꯦꯝꯄ꯭ꯂꯦꯠ:E18
- ↑ ꯇꯦꯝꯄ꯭ꯂꯦꯠ:E18
- ↑ ꯇꯦꯝꯄ꯭ꯂꯦꯠ:E18
- ↑ About 10 million in Kazakhstan. ꯇꯦꯝꯄ꯭ꯂꯦꯠ:E18. Technically, the westernmost portions of Kazakhstan (Atyrau Region, West Kazakhstan Region) are in Europe, with a total population of less than one million.
- ↑ 220,000 native speakers out of an ethnic population of 550,000. Combines Komi-Permyak (koi) with 65,000 speakers and Komi-Zyrian (kpv) with 156,000 speakers. ꯇꯦꯝꯄ꯭ꯂꯦꯠ:E18
- ↑ Contemporary Latin: People fluent in Latin as a second language are probably in the dozens, not hundreds. Reginald Foster (as of 2013) estimated "no more than 100" according to Robin Banerji, Pope resignation: Who speaks Latin these days?, BBC News, 12 February 2013.
- ↑ ꯇꯦꯝꯄ꯭ꯂꯦꯠ:E18
- ↑ ꯇꯦꯝꯄ꯭ꯂꯦꯠ:E18
- ↑ ꯇꯦꯝꯄ꯭ꯂꯦꯠ:E18
- ↑ ꯇꯦꯝꯄ꯭ꯂꯦꯠ:E18
- ↑ ꯸꯰.꯰ ꯸꯰.꯱ 2.6 million cited as estimate of all Germans who speak Platt "well or very well" (including L2; 4.3 million cited as the number of all speakers including those with "moderate" knowledge) in 2009. Heute in Bremen. „Ohne Zweifel gefährdet“. Frerk Möller im Interview, taz, 21. Februar 2009. However, Wirrer (1998) described Low German as "moribund".Jan Wirrer: Zum Status des Niederdeutschen. In: Zeitschrift für Germanistische Linguistik. 26, 1998, S. 309. The number of native speakers is unknown, estimated at 1 million by SIL Ethnologue. ꯇꯦꯝꯄ꯭ꯂꯦꯠ:E18, ꯇꯦꯝꯄ꯭ꯂꯦꯠ:E18
- ↑ The question whether Low German should be considered as subsumed under "German" as the official language of Germany has a complicated legal history. In the wake of the ratification of the European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages (1998), Schleswig-Holstein has explicitly recognized Low German as a regional language with official status (§ 82b LVwG).
- ↑ ꯸꯲.꯰ ꯸꯲.꯱ ꯇꯦꯝꯄ꯭ꯂꯦꯠ:E18
- ↑ ꯇꯦꯝꯄ꯭ꯂꯦꯠ:E18
- ↑ German dialect, ꯇꯦꯝꯄ꯭ꯂꯦꯠ:E18
- ↑ ꯇꯦꯝꯄ꯭ꯂꯦꯠ:E18
- ↑ ꯇꯦꯝꯄ꯭ꯂꯦꯠ:E18
- ↑ How the Manx language came back from the dead (2 April 2015).
- ↑ ꯇꯦꯝꯄ꯭ꯂꯦꯠ:E18
- ↑ ꯇꯦꯝꯄ꯭ꯂꯦꯠ:E18
- ↑ ꯇꯦꯝꯄ꯭ꯂꯦꯠ:E18
- ↑ ꯇꯦꯝꯄ꯭ꯂꯦꯠ:E18
- ↑ "Montenegro" (in en)꯫ Ethnologue ꯫
- ↑ ꯇꯦꯝꯄ꯭ꯂꯦꯠ:E18
- ↑ In 2008, law was passed by the Region of Campania, stating that the Neapolitan language was to be legally protected. Tutela del dialetto, primo via libera al Ddl campano (in Italian). Il Denaro (15 October 2008). Archived from the original on 27 July 2011 ꯫ Retrieved on 22 June 2013 ꯫
- ↑ total 22,000 native speakers (2010 Russian census) out of an ethnic population of 44,000. Most of these are in Siberia, with about 8,000 ethnic Nenets in European Russia (2010 census, mostly in Nenets Autonomous Okrug)
- ↑ ꯇꯦꯝꯄ꯭ꯂꯦꯠ:E18
- ↑ "Norwegian" (in en)꯫ Ethnologue ꯫
- ↑ ꯇꯦꯝꯄ꯭ꯂꯦꯠ:E18. includes Auvergnat, Gascon, Languedocien, Limousin, Provençal, Vivaro-Alpine. Most native speakers are in France, their number is unknown, as varieties of Occitan are treated as French dialects with no official status.
- ↑ Total 570,000, of which 450,000 in the Russian Federation. ꯇꯦꯝꯄ꯭ꯂꯦꯠ:E18
- ↑ German dialect, ꯇꯦꯝꯄ꯭ꯂꯦꯠ:E18
- ↑ ꯇꯦꯝꯄ꯭ꯂꯦꯠ:E18
- ↑ ꯇꯦꯝꯄ꯭ꯂꯦꯠ:E18
- ↑ Piedmontese was recognised as Piedmont's regional language by the regional parliament in 1999. Motion 1118 in the Piedmontese Regional Parliament, Approvazione da parte del Senato del Disegno di Legge che tutela le minoranze linguistiche sul territorio nazionale - Approfondimenti, approved unanimously on 15 December 1999, Text of motion 1118 in the Piedmontese Regional Parliament, Consiglio Regionale del Piemonte, Ordine del Giorno 1118.
- ↑ ꯇꯦꯝꯄ꯭ꯂꯦꯠ:E18
- ↑ ꯇꯦꯝꯄ꯭ꯂꯦꯠ:E18
- ↑ Includes Friulian, Romansh, Ladin. ꯇꯦꯝꯄ꯭ꯂꯦꯠ:E18 ꯇꯦꯝꯄ꯭ꯂꯦꯠ:E18 ꯇꯦꯝꯄ꯭ꯂꯦꯠ:E18
- ↑ STATUTO SPECIALE PER IL TRENTINO-ALTO ADIGE Archived ꯲꯰꯱꯸-꯱꯱-꯲꯶ at the Wayback Machine (1972), Art. 102.
- ↑ German dialect, ꯇꯦꯝꯄ꯭ꯂꯦꯠ:E18
- ↑ ꯇꯦꯝꯄ꯭ꯂꯦꯠ:E18 ꯇꯦꯝꯄ꯭ꯂꯦꯠ:E18 ꯇꯦꯝꯄ꯭ꯂꯦꯠ:E18 ꯇꯦꯝꯄ꯭ꯂꯦꯠ:E18 ꯇꯦꯝꯄ꯭ꯂꯦꯠ:E18 ꯇꯦꯝꯄ꯭ꯂꯦꯠ:E18 ꯇꯦꯝꯄ꯭ꯂꯦꯠ:E18
- ↑ Constitution of Kosovo, p. 8 Archived ꯲꯰꯱꯷-꯱꯰-꯱꯱ at the Wayback Machine.
- ↑ ꯇꯦꯝꯄ꯭ꯂꯦꯠ:E18
- ↑ Româna (in ro). Latin Union. Archived from the original on 29 October 2014 ꯫ Retrieved on 2 April 2018 ꯫
- ↑ ꯱꯱꯳.꯰ ꯱꯱꯳.꯱ L1: 119 million in the Russian Federation (of which c. 83 million in European Russia), 14.3 million in Ukraine, 6.67 million in Belarus, 0.67 million in Latvia, 0.38 million in Estonia, 0.38 million in Moldova. L1+L2: c. 100 million in European Russia, 39 million in Ukraine, 7 million in Belarus, 7 million in Poland, 2 million in Latvia, c. 2 million in the European portion of Kazakhstan, 1.8 million in Moldova, 1.1 million in Estonia. ꯇꯦꯝꯄ꯭ꯂꯦꯠ:E18.
- ↑ mostly Northern Sami (sma), ca. 20,000 speakers; smaller communities of Lule Sami (smj, c. 2,000 speakers) and other variants. ꯇꯦꯝꯄ꯭ꯂꯦꯠ:E18, ꯇꯦꯝꯄ꯭ꯂꯦꯠ:E18 ꯇꯦꯝꯄ꯭ꯂꯦꯠ:E18, ꯇꯦꯝꯄ꯭ꯂꯦꯠ:E18, ꯇꯦꯝꯄ꯭ꯂꯦꯠ:E18, ꯇꯦꯝꯄ꯭ꯂꯦꯠ:E18.
- ↑ AA. VV. Calendario Atlante De Agostini 2017, Novara, Istituto Geografico De Agostini, 2016, p. 230
- ↑ ꯇꯦꯝꯄ꯭ꯂꯦꯠ:E18
- ↑ ꯇꯦꯝꯄ꯭ꯂꯦꯠ:E18
- ↑ ꯇꯦꯝꯄ꯭ꯂꯦꯠ:E18
- ↑ ꯇꯦꯝꯄ꯭ꯂꯦꯠ:E18
- ↑ ꯇꯦꯝꯄ꯭ꯂꯦꯠ:E19
- ↑ German dialect, ꯇꯦꯝꯄ꯭ꯂꯦꯠ:E18
- ↑ ꯇꯦꯝꯄ꯭ꯂꯦꯠ:E18
- ↑ ꯇꯦꯝꯄ꯭ꯂꯦꯠ:E18
- ↑ ꯇꯦꯝꯄ꯭ꯂꯦꯠ:E18
- ↑ GVG § 184 Satz 2; VwVfGBbg § 23 Abs. 5; SächsSorbG § 9, right to use Sorbian in communication with the authorities guaranteed for the "Sorbian settlement area" (Sorbisches Siedlungsgebiet, Lusatia).
- ↑ ꯇꯦꯝꯄ꯭ꯂꯦꯠ:E18
- ↑ German dialect, ꯇꯦꯝꯄ꯭ꯂꯦꯠ:E18
- ↑ ꯱꯲꯸.꯰ ꯱꯲꯸.꯱ ꯇꯦꯝꯄ꯭ꯂꯦꯠ:E18
- ↑ German dialect, ꯇꯦꯝꯄ꯭ꯂꯦꯠ:E18
- ↑ ꯇꯦꯝꯄ꯭ꯂꯦꯠ:E18
- ↑ ꯇꯦꯝꯄ꯭ꯂꯦꯠ:E18, ꯇꯦꯝꯄ꯭ꯂꯦꯠ:E18 2,000 speakers in the Russian Federation according to the 2010 census (including Judeo-Tat). About 28,000 speakers in Azerbaijan; most speakers live along or just north of the Caucasus ridge (and are thus technically in Europe), with some also settling just south of the Caucasus ridge, in Transcaucasia.
- ↑ ꯇꯦꯝꯄ꯭ꯂꯦꯠ:E18
- ↑ c. 11 million in European Turkey, 0.6 million in Bulgaria, 0.6 million in Cyprus and Northern Cyprus, not including several million recent immigrants to Western Europe (see #Immigrant communities).
- ↑ ꯇꯦꯝꯄ꯭ꯂꯦꯠ:E18
- ↑ ꯇꯦꯝꯄ꯭ꯂꯦꯠ:E18
- ↑ German dialect, ꯇꯦꯝꯄ꯭ꯂꯦꯠ:E18
- ↑ Russian Census 2010. ꯇꯦꯝꯄ꯭ꯂꯦꯠ:E18
- ↑ ꯇꯦꯝꯄ꯭ꯂꯦꯠ:E18
- ↑ A motion to recognise Venetian as an official regional language has been approved by the Regional Council of Veneto in 2007. Consiglio Regionale Veneto – Leggi Regionali. Consiglioveneto.it. Archived from the original on 2024-05-26 ꯫ Retrieved on 2009-05-06 ꯫
- ↑ ꯇꯦꯝꯄ꯭ꯂꯦꯠ:E18
- ↑ ꯇꯦꯝꯄ꯭ꯂꯦꯠ:E18
- ↑ Highest Alemannic dialects, ꯇꯦꯝꯄ꯭ꯂꯦꯠ:E18
- ↑ ꯇꯦꯝꯄ꯭ꯂꯦꯠ:E18
- ↑ Moribund German dialect spoken in Wilamowice, Poland. 70 speakers recorded in 2006. ꯇꯦꯝꯄ꯭ꯂꯦꯠ:E18
- ↑ ꯇꯦꯝꯄ꯭ꯂꯦꯠ:E18
- ↑ Total population estimated at 1.5 million as of 1991, of which c. 40% in the Ukraine. ꯇꯦꯝꯄ꯭ꯂꯦꯠ:E18, ꯇꯦꯝꯄ꯭ꯂꯦꯠ:E18, ꯇꯦꯝꯄ꯭ꯂꯦꯠ:E18
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