ꯖꯣꯟ ꯍꯣꯞꯐꯤꯜ
ꯖꯣꯟ ꯖꯣꯁꯦꯐ ꯍꯣꯞꯐꯤꯜꯗ (ꯏꯪ ꯱꯹꯳꯳ꯒꯤ ꯖꯨꯂꯥꯏ ꯱꯵ꯗ ꯄꯣꯛꯈꯤꯕ) ꯑꯁꯤ ꯑꯃꯦꯔꯤꯀꯥꯒꯤ ꯐꯤꯖꯤꯁꯤꯁꯠ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯤꯟꯁ꯭ꯇꯟ ꯌꯨꯅꯤꯚꯔꯁꯤꯇꯤ ꯏꯃꯦꯔꯤꯇꯁ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯣꯐꯦꯁꯔ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ, ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯅ ꯏꯪ ꯱꯹꯸꯲ꯗ ꯑꯦꯁꯣꯁꯤꯌꯦꯇꯤꯕ ꯅ꯭ꯌꯨꯔꯦꯜ ꯅꯦꯠꯋꯥꯔꯛꯁꯤꯡ ꯃꯇꯥꯡꯗ ꯅꯩꯅꯕꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛ ꯈ꯭ꯋꯥꯏꯗꯒꯤ ꯄꯥꯛ ꯁꯟꯅ ꯈꯪꯅꯩ ꯫ ꯃꯍꯥꯛ ꯍꯣꯞꯐꯤꯜꯗ ꯅꯦꯠꯋꯥꯔꯛ ꯆꯥꯎꯈꯠꯄꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛ ꯈꯪꯅꯩ ꯫
ꯖꯣꯟ ꯍꯣꯞꯐꯤꯜ | |
|---|---|
 ꯍꯣꯞꯐꯤꯜ ꯲꯰꯱꯶ | |
| ꯄꯣꯛꯄ | ꯖꯣꯟ ꯖꯣꯁꯦꯞ ꯍꯣꯞꯐꯤꯜ July 15, 1933 ꯆꯤꯀꯥꯒꯣ, ꯏꯂꯤꯅꯣꯏꯁ, ꯌꯨꯑꯦꯁ |
| ꯃꯍꯩ ꯃꯁꯤꯡ | Swarthmore College (AB) Cornell University (PhD) |
| ꯁꯛꯈꯪꯅꯈꯤꯕ | Hopfield network Modern Hopfield network Hopfield dielectric Polariton Kinetic proofreading |
| ꯃꯅꯥ-ꯃꯊꯨꯝ | ꯇꯦꯝꯄ꯭ꯂꯦꯠ:Indented plainlist |
| Scientific career | |
| ꯍꯤꯔꯝ | Physics Molecular biology Complex systems Neuroscience |
| ꯃꯍꯩꯁꯡ | Bell Labs Princeton University University of California, Berkeley California Institute of Technology |
| Thesis | A quantum-mechanical theory of the contribution of excitons to the complex dielectric constant of crystals (1958) |
| Doctoral advisor | Albert Overhauser |
| Doctoral students | Steven Girvin Bertrand Halperin David J. C. MacKay José Onuchic Terry Sejnowski Erik Winfree |
ꯏꯪ ꯲꯰꯲꯴ꯗ ꯍꯣꯞꯐꯤꯜꯗ, ꯖꯤꯑꯣꯐ꯭ꯔꯤ ꯍꯤꯟꯇꯟꯒ ꯂꯣꯏꯅꯅꯥ, ꯃꯔꯨꯑꯣꯏꯅ ꯑꯥꯔꯇꯤꯐꯤꯁ꯭ꯌꯦꯜ ꯅ꯭ꯌꯨꯔꯦꯜ ꯅꯦꯠꯋꯥꯔꯛꯁꯤꯡ ꯃꯈꯣꯏꯒꯤ ꯊꯕꯛꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯈꯨꯠꯊꯥꯡꯗ, ꯃꯦꯁꯤꯟ ꯂꯔꯅꯤꯡ ꯃꯈꯣꯏꯒꯤ ꯌꯨꯝꯐꯝ ꯑꯣꯏꯕ ꯊꯧꯗꯥꯡꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛ ꯐꯤꯖꯤꯛꯁꯇ ꯅꯣꯕꯦꯜ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯥꯏꯖ ꯄꯤꯈꯤ ꯫ ꯀꯟꯗꯦꯟꯁ ꯃꯦꯇꯔ ꯐꯤꯖꯤꯛꯁ, ꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯇꯤꯁ꯭ꯇꯤꯀꯦꯜ ꯐꯤꯖꯤꯛꯁ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯕꯥꯏꯌꯣꯐꯤꯖꯤꯛꯁ ꯌꯥꯎꯅ ꯃꯜꯇꯤꯗꯤꯁꯤꯄ꯭ꯂꯤꯅꯔꯤ ꯐꯤꯜꯗ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯊꯕꯛ ꯑꯗꯨꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯄꯨ ꯇꯣꯉꯥꯟ ꯇꯣꯉꯥꯟꯕ ꯑꯆꯧꯕ ꯐꯤꯖꯤꯛꯁꯀꯤ ꯃꯅꯥꯁꯤꯡ ꯐꯪꯈ꯭ꯔꯦ ꯫
ꯄꯨꯟꯁꯤ ꯋꯥꯔꯤ
ꯁꯦꯝꯒꯠꯂꯨꯑꯉꯟꯕ ꯄꯨꯟꯁꯤ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯍꯩ-ꯃꯁꯤꯡ ꯇꯝꯕ
ꯁꯦꯝꯒꯠꯂꯨꯖꯣꯟ ꯖꯣꯁꯦꯐ ꯍꯣꯞꯐꯤꯜꯗ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯏꯪ ꯱꯹꯳꯳ꯗ ꯆꯤꯀꯥꯒꯣ ꯐꯤꯖꯤꯁꯤꯁ ꯖꯣꯟ ꯖꯣꯁꯐ ꯍꯣꯞꯄꯤꯜꯗ (ꯄꯣꯛꯈꯤꯕ ꯖꯥꯟ ꯖꯣꯖꯐ ꯆꯃꯤꯂꯦꯎꯁꯀꯤ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯍꯦꯂꯦꯟ ꯍꯣꯞꯐꯤꯜ (ꯅꯤ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯥꯐ꯭ꯌ) ꯗ ꯄꯣꯛꯈꯤ ꯫[꯱]
ꯍꯣꯞꯐꯤꯜꯗꯅ ꯏꯪ ꯱꯹꯴꯵ꯗ ꯄꯦꯁ꯭ꯅꯦꯁ꯭ꯅꯂꯤꯌꯥꯒꯤ ꯁ꯭ꯋꯔꯊꯃꯣꯔ ꯀꯣꯂꯦꯖꯗꯒꯤ ꯐꯤꯖꯤꯛꯁꯇ ꯃꯦꯖꯔ ꯑꯃꯒ ꯂꯣꯏꯅꯅ ꯕꯦꯆꯂꯔ ꯑꯣꯐ ꯑꯥꯔꯠ꯭ꯁ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯐꯪꯈꯤ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯏꯪ ꯱꯹꯵꯸ꯗ ꯀꯣꯔꯅꯦꯜ ꯌꯨꯅꯤꯚꯔꯁꯤꯇꯤ ꯐꯤꯖꯤꯛꯁꯇ ꯗꯣꯛꯇꯔ ꯑꯣꯐ ꯐꯣꯂꯣꯁꯣꯐꯤ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯐꯪꯈꯤ ꯫ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯗꯣꯛꯇꯔꯦꯜ ꯗꯤꯁꯔꯇꯦꯁꯟꯒꯤ ꯃꯃꯤꯡ "ꯀ꯭ꯔꯤꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯜꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯀꯝꯄ꯭ꯂꯦꯛꯁ ꯗꯤꯂꯦꯛꯇ꯭ꯔꯤꯛ ꯀꯟꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯟꯠꯇ ꯑꯦꯛꯖꯤꯇꯣꯟꯁꯤꯡ ꯁꯔꯨꯛꯀꯤ ꯀ꯭ꯋꯥꯟꯇꯝ-ꯃꯦꯀꯥꯅꯤꯀꯦꯜ ꯊꯤꯑꯣꯔꯤ" ꯍꯥꯏꯅ ꯀꯧꯈꯤ ꯫ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯗꯣꯛꯇꯔꯦꯜꯒꯤ ꯄꯥꯎꯇꯥꯛꯂꯣꯏ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯑꯜꯕꯔꯠ ꯑꯣꯚꯔꯍꯧꯁꯔꯅꯤ ꯫[꯲]
ꯁꯤꯟꯐꯝ
ꯁꯦꯝꯒꯠꯂꯨꯃꯍꯥꯛꯅ ꯗꯦꯋꯤꯗ ꯒꯤꯜꯕꯔꯠ ꯊꯣꯃꯁ ꯒ ꯂꯣꯏꯅꯅ ꯁꯦꯃꯤꯀꯟꯗꯛꯇꯔꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯑꯣꯞꯇꯤꯀꯦꯜ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯣꯄꯔꯇꯤꯁꯤꯡꯗ ꯊꯕꯛ ꯇꯧꯗꯨꯅ ꯕꯦꯜ ꯂꯦꯕꯣꯔꯦꯇꯔꯤꯖꯒꯤ ꯊꯤꯑꯣꯔꯤ ꯒ꯭ꯔꯨꯞꯇ ꯆꯍꯤ ꯑꯅꯤ ꯂꯩꯈꯤ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯇꯨꯡꯗ ꯔꯣꯕꯔꯠ ꯖꯤ. ꯁꯨꯜꯃꯦꯟ ꯂꯣꯏꯅꯅꯥ ꯍꯦꯃꯣꯒ꯭ꯂꯣꯕꯤꯟ ꯀꯣꯑꯣꯄꯔꯦꯇꯤꯕ ꯕꯤꯚꯦꯌꯔ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯁꯟꯗꯣꯛꯅ ꯇꯥꯛꯅꯕ ꯀꯥꯎꯟꯇꯤꯇꯦꯇꯤꯕ ꯃꯣꯗꯦꯜ ꯑꯃꯗ ꯂꯩꯈꯤ ꯫ ꯃꯇꯨꯡ ꯇꯥꯔꯛꯄꯗ ꯃꯍꯥꯛ ꯌꯨꯅꯤꯚꯔꯁꯤꯇꯤ ꯑꯣꯐ ꯀꯦꯂꯤꯐꯣꯔꯅꯤꯌꯥ, ꯕꯔꯀꯦꯂꯤ (ꯐꯤꯖꯤꯛꯁ, ꯱꯹꯶꯱-꯱꯹꯶꯴ ′ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯤꯟꯁ꯭ꯇꯟ ꯌꯨꯅꯤꯚꯔꯁꯤꯇꯤ (ꯐꯤꯖꯤꯛꯁ, ꯱꯹꯶꯴-꯱꯹꯸꯰ ′ ′ ꯀꯦꯂꯤꯐꯣꯔ꯭ꯌꯥꯟ ꯏꯟꯁꯇꯤꯇ꯭ꯌꯨꯠ ꯑꯣꯐ ꯇꯦꯛꯅꯣꯂꯣꯖꯤ (ꯀꯦꯜꯇꯦꯛ, ꯀꯦꯃꯤꯁꯇ ꯭ ꯔꯤ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯕꯥꯏꯑꯣꯂꯣꯖꯤ, ꯱꯹꯸꯰-꯱꯹꯹꯷ ′] ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯑꯃꯨꯛ ꯍꯟꯅ ꯄ ꯭ ꯔꯤꯟꯁꯇꯟꯗ (꯱꯹꯹꯷-′ ′′ ꯃꯐꯝ ꯑꯗꯨꯗ ꯃꯍꯥꯛ ꯍꯋꯥꯔꯗ ꯑꯦ. ꯄ꯭ꯔꯥꯏꯌꯔ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯣꯐꯦꯁꯔ ꯑꯣꯐ ꯃꯣꯂꯤꯀ꯭ꯌꯨꯂꯔ ꯕꯥꯏꯑꯣꯂꯣꯖꯤ, ꯑꯦꯝꯔꯤꯇꯁ ꯑꯣꯏ ꯫[꯳]
ꯏꯪ ꯱꯹꯷꯶ꯇ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯅ ꯂꯤꯅꯁ ꯄꯣꯂꯤꯡ ꯌꯥꯎꯕ ꯍꯤꯃꯣꯒ꯭ꯂꯣꯕꯤꯟꯒꯤ ꯁ꯭ꯇ꯭ꯔꯛꯆꯔꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯥꯡꯗ ꯁꯥꯏꯟ꯭ꯁꯀꯤ ꯑꯄꯤꯛꯄ ꯃꯃꯤ ꯀꯨꯝꯍꯩ ꯑꯃꯗ ꯁꯔꯨꯛ ꯌꯥꯈꯤ ꯫[꯴]
ꯊꯕꯛ
ꯁꯦꯝꯒꯠꯂꯨ꯱꯹꯵꯸ꯒꯤ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯗꯣꯛꯇꯔꯦꯜꯒꯤ ꯊꯕꯛꯇ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯅ ꯁꯣꯂꯤꯗ-ꯁ ꯭ ꯇꯦꯠ ꯐꯤꯖꯤꯛꯁꯇ ꯎꯕ ꯐꯪꯂꯤꯕ ꯀ ꯭ ꯋꯥꯁꯤꯄꯥꯔꯇꯤꯀꯜ ꯑꯃꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛ ꯄꯣꯂꯔꯇꯤꯇꯣꯟ ꯍꯥꯏꯕ ꯋꯥꯍꯩ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯁꯦꯝꯗꯨꯅ ꯀ ꯭ ꯔꯤꯁꯇꯜꯁꯤꯡꯗ ꯑꯦꯛꯖꯤꯇꯣꯟꯁꯤꯡ ꯃꯔꯤ ꯂꯩꯅꯕꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯥꯡꯗ ꯏꯈꯤ ꯫ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯅ ꯏꯈꯤ: "ꯐꯣꯇꯣꯟꯁꯤꯡ ꯃꯥꯟꯅꯕ ꯄꯣꯂꯔꯥꯏꯖꯦꯁꯟ ꯐꯤꯜꯗ 'ꯄꯥꯔꯇꯤꯀꯜꯁꯤꯡ' ꯑꯁꯤ 'ꯄꯣꯂꯔꯇꯤꯇꯣꯟꯁꯤꯡ' ꯍꯥꯏꯅ ꯀꯧꯒꯅꯤ ꯫" ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯄꯣꯂꯔꯇꯤꯑꯣꯟꯒꯤ ꯃꯣꯗꯦꯜ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕ ꯃꯇꯝꯗ ꯍꯣꯞꯐꯤꯜꯗ ꯗꯥꯏꯂꯦꯛꯇ ꯭ ꯔꯤꯛ ꯍꯥꯏꯅ ꯈꯪꯅꯩ ꯫[꯵]
- ↑ American Men of Science: A Biographical Directory. Science Press (1966).
- ↑ Cite ꯑꯔꯥꯟꯕ: Invalid
<ref>tag; no text was provided for refs namedhistory.aip.org - ↑ Office of Communications (October 8, 2024). Princeton's John Hopfield receives Nobel Prize in physics (in en).
- ↑ The Life and the Structure of Hemoglobin, American Institute of Physics (1976).
- ↑ Huttner, B.; Barnett, S. M. (1992). "Dispersion and Loss in a Hopfield Dielectric". Europhysics Letters (in ꯏꯪꯂꯤꯁ). 18 (6): 487. Bibcode:1992EL.....18..487H. doi:10.1209/0295-5075/18/6/003. ISSN 0295-5075. Archived from the original on October 8, 2024. Retrieved October 8, 2024.