ꯀꯨꯝꯆꯥ ꯂꯦꯝꯄꯤ, ꯀꯨꯝꯖꯥ ꯂꯦꯝꯕꯤ ꯍꯥꯏꯅꯁꯨ ꯈꯪꯅꯕꯤ, ꯑꯁꯤ ꯑꯔꯤꯕ ꯀꯪꯂꯩꯄꯥꯛ (ꯑꯉꯟꯕ ꯃꯅꯤꯄꯨꯔ)ꯒꯤ ꯃꯩꯇꯩꯒꯤ ꯐꯨꯡꯒꯥ ꯋꯥꯔꯤꯗ ꯌꯥꯎꯕꯤ ꯅꯨꯄꯤ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ꯫ ꯃꯍꯥꯛ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯈꯣꯏꯔꯦꯟꯇꯛꯇ ꯀꯩ ꯑꯃꯅ ꯂꯥꯟꯗꯥꯔꯛꯄꯒꯤ ꯑꯁꯣꯛ-ꯑꯄꯟ ꯅꯪꯂꯕ ꯃꯤꯑꯣꯏ ꯑꯃ ꯑꯣꯏꯅ ꯈꯪꯅꯩ꯫ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯅꯨꯡꯉꯥꯏꯇꯕ ꯊꯧꯗꯣꯛ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯃꯣꯏꯔꯥꯡ ꯀꯪꯂꯩꯔꯣꯜꯒꯤ ꯑꯔꯤꯕ ꯋꯥꯔꯤꯁꯤꯡꯗ ꯇꯣꯏꯅ ꯄꯟꯈꯤ, ꯋꯥꯔꯤ ꯂꯤꯈꯤ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯑꯃꯨꯛ ꯍꯟꯅ ꯍꯟꯅ ꯁꯛꯅ ꯁꯣꯟꯅꯍꯧꯔꯤ, ꯃꯍꯧꯁꯥꯅ ꯄꯦꯅꯥ (ꯏꯁꯩ-ꯅꯣꯡꯃꯥꯏꯒꯤ ꯈꯨꯠꯂꯥꯏ)ꯅ ꯍꯧꯖꯤꯛ ꯐꯥꯎꯕ ꯁꯩꯁꯛ ꯁꯩꯔꯣꯜꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯈꯨꯠꯊꯥꯡꯗ ꯁꯣꯟꯅꯔꯤ꯫[][]

ꯀꯨꯝꯆꯥ ꯂꯦꯝꯄꯤ

ꯀꯨꯝꯆꯥ ꯂꯦꯝꯄꯤ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯃꯃꯥ ꯂꯩꯈꯤꯗꯕ ꯃꯇꯝꯗ ꯌꯥꯝꯅ ꯄꯤꯛꯈꯤ꯫ ꯃꯇꯝ ꯈꯔꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯨꯡꯗ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯃꯄꯥꯅ ꯑꯃꯨꯛ ꯍꯟꯅ ꯂꯨꯍꯣꯡꯈꯤ꯫ ꯃꯔꯨꯑꯣꯏꯅ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯃꯄꯥ ꯂꯩꯇ꯭ꯔꯤꯉꯩꯗ, ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯃꯃꯥ ꯑꯇꯣꯝꯕꯤꯅ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯄꯨ ꯌꯥꯝꯅ ꯃꯤꯅꯨꯡꯁꯤ ꯂꯩꯇꯕ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯇꯝꯊꯤꯕ ꯑꯣꯏꯈꯤ꯫ ꯀꯨꯝꯆꯥ ꯂꯦꯝꯄꯤꯅ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯄꯨꯟꯁꯤꯗ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯐꯠꯇꯕ ꯃꯃꯥ ꯑꯇꯣꯝꯕꯤꯗꯒꯤ ꯃꯤꯑꯣꯠ-ꯃꯤꯅꯩ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯁꯥꯊꯤꯕ ꯂꯥꯏꯌꯦꯡꯁꯤꯡ ꯃꯥꯌꯣꯛꯅꯈꯤ꯫[][][][][]

ꯃꯇꯝ ꯑꯃꯗ ꯑꯔꯤꯕ ꯃꯣꯏꯔꯥꯡꯒꯤ ꯅꯤꯡꯊꯧꯅ ꯅꯨꯃꯤꯠ ꯇꯥꯕ ꯃꯇꯝꯗ ꯃꯈꯣꯏꯒꯤ ꯃꯁꯥꯒꯤ ꯌꯨꯝꯗꯒꯤ ꯀꯅꯥꯒꯨꯝꯕ ꯑꯃꯠꯇ ꯊꯣꯛꯂꯣꯏꯗꯕꯅꯤ ꯍꯥꯏꯅ ꯂꯥꯎꯊꯣꯛꯈꯤ, ꯃꯔꯝꯗꯤ ꯈꯣꯏꯔꯦꯟꯇꯛꯇꯒꯤ ꯂꯥꯛꯄ ꯂꯝꯂꯛꯀꯤ ꯀꯩ ꯑꯃꯅ ꯂꯣꯛꯇꯥꯛ ꯄꯥꯠꯀꯤ ꯁꯃꯨꯗ꯭ꯔ ꯈꯣꯡꯕꯥꯜꯒꯤ ꯔꯤꯗꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯃꯔꯛꯇ ꯅꯤꯡꯇꯝꯅ ꯀꯣꯏꯆꯠ ꯆꯠꯂꯝꯃꯤ ꯫ ꯑꯁꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕ ꯄꯥꯎ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯇꯥꯕꯗ, ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯂꯥꯏꯔꯕ ꯃꯆꯥꯅꯨꯄꯤ ꯑꯇꯣꯝꯕꯤꯗꯒꯤ ꯅꯥꯟꯊꯣꯛꯅꯕ ꯑꯣꯏꯊꯣꯛꯄ ꯌꯥꯕ ꯈꯨꯗꯣꯡꯆꯥꯕ ꯈꯨꯗꯤꯡꯃꯛ ꯊꯤꯔꯤꯕ ꯀꯨꯝꯆꯥ ꯂꯦꯝꯄꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯃꯥ ꯑꯇꯣꯝꯕꯤꯅ ꯅꯨꯃꯤꯗꯥꯡꯋꯥꯏꯔꯝꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯝꯗ ꯀꯨꯝꯆꯥ ꯂꯦꯝꯄꯤꯕꯨ ꯂꯣꯛꯇꯥꯛ ꯄꯥꯠꯀꯤ ꯇꯣꯔꯕꯥꯟꯗ ꯊꯥꯈꯤ, ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯄꯨ ꯅꯨꯃꯤꯠ ꯑꯗꯨꯒꯤ ꯅꯨꯃꯤꯗꯥꯡꯒꯤ ꯆꯥꯛꯂꯦꯟ ꯑꯗꯨꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛ ꯕꯥꯁꯀꯦꯠ ꯃꯄꯨꯡ ꯐꯥꯕ ꯄꯥꯝꯕꯤꯁꯤꯡ ("ꯌꯦꯜꯂꯥꯡ ꯀꯦꯡ-ꯅꯒꯣꯏ") ꯈꯣꯝꯖꯤꯟꯅꯕ ꯍꯥꯏꯈꯤ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯅ ꯃꯉꯣꯟꯗ ꯄꯨꯔꯛꯀꯅꯤ ꯍꯥꯏꯅ ꯍꯥꯏꯔꯤꯕ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯄꯨꯔꯛꯇ꯭ꯔꯕꯗꯤ ꯃꯌꯨꯝꯗ ꯍꯜꯂꯛꯂꯣꯏ ꯍꯥꯏꯅ ꯍꯥꯏꯈꯤ꯫ ꯕꯥꯁꯀꯦꯠꯐꯨꯜ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯕ ꯃꯅꯥ-ꯃꯁꯤꯡꯁꯤꯡ ꯈꯣꯝꯖꯤꯟꯕ ꯃꯇꯝꯗ, ꯊꯦꯡꯊꯔꯛꯈꯤ꯫ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯂꯝꯕꯤꯗ, ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯄꯨ ꯈꯣꯏꯔꯦꯟꯇꯛ ꯀꯩ ꯍꯥꯏꯅ ꯀꯧꯕ ꯃꯤꯑꯣꯏ ꯑꯗꯨꯅ ꯎꯈꯤ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯑꯔꯣꯏꯕꯗ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯄꯨ ꯆꯔꯥ ꯍꯦꯟꯕ ꯁꯥ ꯑꯗꯨꯅ ꯆꯥꯛꯍꯟꯈꯤ꯫[][][][]

ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯍꯛꯆꯥꯡꯒꯤ ꯂꯦꯝꯍꯧꯕꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯅꯤꯡꯊꯧꯒꯤ ꯐꯝꯅꯥꯏꯕꯁꯤꯡꯅ ꯐꯪꯂꯛꯄ ꯃꯇꯝꯗ, ꯅꯨꯄꯥ ꯑꯅꯤꯅ ꯊꯣꯏꯕꯤꯒ ꯂꯨꯍꯣꯡꯕꯒꯤ ꯂꯥꯟ ꯑꯗꯨꯒꯤ ꯂꯥꯏꯒꯤ ꯑꯣꯏꯕ ꯑꯋꯥꯕ ꯑꯃ ꯑꯣꯏꯅ ꯈꯨꯃꯟ ꯈꯝꯕ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯅꯣꯡꯕꯟ ꯌꯥꯊꯪ ꯄꯤꯈꯤꯕ ꯃꯣꯏꯔꯥꯡꯒꯤ ꯅꯤꯡꯊꯧꯒꯤ ꯅꯥꯀꯣꯡꯗ ꯄꯥꯎ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯌꯧꯔꯛꯈꯤ꯫ ꯅꯤꯡꯊꯧ ꯂꯩꯕꯥꯛ ꯑꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯑꯃꯠꯇ ꯉꯥꯏꯔꯕ ꯅꯤꯡꯊꯧ ꯃꯆꯥꯅꯨꯄꯤꯅꯤ꯫[][]

ꯂꯣꯏꯅꯁꯤꯟꯂꯣꯟ

ꯁꯦꯝꯒꯠꯂꯨ

ꯃꯩꯇꯩ ꯁꯥꯍꯤꯇ꯭ꯌ (ꯃꯅꯤꯄꯨꯔꯤ ꯁꯥꯍꯤꯇ꯭ꯌ)ꯗ ꯅꯨꯄꯤ ꯀꯨꯝꯆꯥ ꯂꯦꯝꯄꯤ (ꯀꯨꯝꯖꯥ ꯂꯦꯝꯕꯤ) ꯑꯁꯤ ꯀꯪꯂꯩꯄꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯆꯤꯡꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ('ꯃꯅꯤꯄꯨꯔ') ꯒꯤ ꯀꯕꯨꯏ ꯐꯨꯔꯨꯞꯀꯤ ꯅꯨꯄꯤꯃꯆꯥ ꯑꯃꯒꯤ ꯃꯔꯨꯞ ꯑꯃ ꯑꯣꯏꯅ ꯐꯣꯡꯗꯣꯛꯂꯤ꯫ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯀꯥꯕꯨꯏ ꯃꯔꯨꯞ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯃꯇꯨꯡꯗ ꯇꯥꯏꯕꯪ ꯃꯄꯨ ꯊꯥꯡꯆꯤꯡ (ꯊꯥꯡꯖꯤꯡ)ꯅ ꯊꯧꯖꯥꯜꯕꯤꯕ "ꯆꯤꯡꯊ꯭ꯔꯥꯎ" ꯀꯧꯕ ꯂꯩ ꯑꯃ ꯑꯣꯏꯔꯛꯈꯤ꯫ ꯀꯨꯝꯖꯥ ꯂꯦꯝꯕꯤꯅ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯃꯔꯨꯞꯀꯤ ꯃꯃꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ "ꯆꯤꯡ-ꯊ꯭ꯔꯥꯎ" ꯍꯥꯏꯅ ꯑꯃꯨꯛ ꯍꯟꯅ ꯍꯤꯡꯍꯟꯈꯤ, ꯃꯁꯤ 'ꯆꯤꯡ', 'ꯊꯥꯔꯣ' ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ 'ꯄꯥꯏꯊꯥ' ꯍꯥꯏꯕ ꯋꯥꯍꯩꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤꯅ ꯁꯦꯝꯕꯅꯤ꯫[] ꯊꯥꯡꯆꯤꯡ ꯅꯠꯇ꯭ꯔꯒ ꯊꯥꯡꯖꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯃꯩꯇꯩ ꯂꯥꯏꯅꯤꯡ ꯑꯃꯗꯤ ꯑꯔꯤꯕ ꯃꯇꯝꯒꯤ ꯀꯪꯂꯩꯄꯥꯛ (ꯑꯔꯤꯕ ꯃꯅꯤꯄꯨꯔ)ꯒꯤ ꯂꯥꯏꯅꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯑꯣꯏꯕ ꯑꯔꯤꯕ ꯃꯇꯝꯒꯤ ꯂꯥꯏ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ꯫ ꯃꯍꯥꯛ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯑꯔꯤꯕ ꯃꯣꯏꯔꯥꯡꯒꯤ ꯃꯣꯏꯔꯥꯡ ꯅꯤꯡꯊꯧ ꯁꯥꯒꯩꯒꯤ ꯂꯩꯉꯥꯛꯂꯤꯕ ꯂꯥꯏꯅꯤ꯫ ꯃꯍꯥꯛ ꯀꯪꯐꯥꯜꯅ ꯀꯣꯏꯁꯤꯟꯕ ꯁꯃꯨꯗ꯭ꯔ, ꯂꯣꯛꯇꯥꯛ ꯄꯥꯠꯀꯤ ꯇꯣꯔꯕꯥꯟꯗ ꯈ꯭ꯋꯥꯏꯗꯒꯤ ꯋꯥꯡꯅ ꯁꯥꯁꯟ ꯇꯧꯔꯤ꯫ ꯃꯍꯥꯛ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯀꯥꯔꯗꯤꯅꯦꯜ ꯎꯃꯪ ꯂꯥꯏ ꯃꯔꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯅꯨꯡꯗ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ꯫ ꯈꯥ-ꯅꯣꯡꯆꯨꯞ ꯊꯪꯕ ꯃꯥꯏꯀꯩꯒꯤ ꯉꯥꯛ-ꯁꯦꯟꯕ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯊꯥꯡꯖꯤꯡ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯑꯇꯣꯞꯄ ꯃꯥꯏꯀꯩꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯀꯣꯎꯕ꯭ꯔꯨ (ꯑꯋꯥꯡ ꯅꯣꯡꯆꯨꯞ), ꯃꯥꯔꯖꯤꯡ (ꯑꯋꯥꯡ ꯅꯣꯡꯄꯣꯛ) ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯋꯥꯡꯕ꯭ꯔꯦꯟ (ꯈꯥ-ꯅꯣꯡꯄꯣꯛ)ꯗ ꯇꯥꯛꯏ꯫ ꯀꯕꯨꯏ ꯃꯤꯌꯥꯝ (ꯏꯟꯄꯨꯏ ꯃꯤꯌꯥꯝ ꯅꯠꯇ꯭ꯔꯒ ꯔꯣꯡꯃꯩ ꯃꯤꯌꯥꯝ ꯍꯥꯏꯅꯁꯨ ꯈꯪꯅꯕ) ꯑꯁꯤ ꯑꯋꯥꯡ-ꯅꯣꯡꯄꯣꯛ ꯚꯥꯔꯠꯀꯤ ꯔꯥꯖ꯭ꯌ ꯃꯅꯤꯄꯨꯔꯗ ꯂꯩꯕ ꯇꯤꯕꯦꯇꯣ-ꯕꯔꯃꯟꯒꯤ ꯃꯍꯧꯁꯥꯒꯤ ꯑꯣꯏꯕ ꯀꯥꯡꯂꯨꯞ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ꯫[]

ꯏꯪ ꯲꯰꯱꯸-꯱꯹ꯒꯤ ꯁꯦꯁꯟꯗ ꯆꯤꯡꯉꯨ ꯊꯥꯡꯖꯤꯡ ꯋꯤꯃꯦꯟꯁ ꯀꯜꯆꯔꯦꯜ ꯑꯣꯔꯒꯅꯥꯏꯖꯦꯁꯟꯅ "ꯀꯨꯝꯖꯥꯂꯦꯝꯕꯤ" ꯀꯧꯕ ꯁꯨꯃꯥꯡ ꯀꯨꯝꯍꯩ ꯑꯃ ꯄꯨꯊꯣꯛꯈꯤ, ꯃꯗꯨꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛ "ꯒ꯭ꯔꯥꯟꯠꯁ ꯀꯝꯃꯤꯇꯤ ꯇꯨ ꯗ ꯀꯜꯆꯔꯦꯜ ꯏꯟꯁꯇꯤꯇ꯭ꯌꯨꯁꯟꯁ ꯑꯣꯐ ꯅꯣꯔꯊ-ꯏꯁ꯭ꯠ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯠꯁ"ꯅ ꯗꯤ ꯅꯦꯁꯅꯦꯜ ꯑꯦꯀꯥꯗꯦꯃꯤ ꯑꯣꯐ ꯃ꯭ꯌꯨꯖꯤꯛ, ꯗꯥꯟ꯭ꯁ ꯑꯦꯟꯗ ꯗ꯭ꯔꯥꯃꯥꯗ ꯂꯨꯄꯥ ꯴꯰,꯰꯰꯰ ꯅꯠꯇ꯭ꯔꯒ ꯌꯨ.ꯑꯦꯁ. ꯗꯣꯂꯔ ꯴꯰,꯰꯰꯰ (ꯌꯨ.ꯑꯦꯁ. ꯗꯣꯂꯔ ꯴꯰,꯰꯰꯰ ꯅꯠꯇ꯭ꯔꯒ ꯌꯨ.ꯑꯦꯁ. ꯗꯣꯂꯔ ꯵꯰,꯰꯰ꯒ ꯃꯥꯟꯅꯕ)ꯗ ꯔꯤꯀꯃꯦꯟ ꯇꯧꯈꯤ꯫[꯱꯰]

ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯄꯨ ꯃꯩꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯏꯅꯁꯤꯟꯂꯣꯟꯗ ꯑꯁꯨꯝꯅ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯅ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯃꯇꯥꯔꯣꯏꯕꯨ ꯁꯩꯊꯥꯕ ꯊꯦꯡꯅꯔꯤ ꯫[꯱꯱]

ꯏꯁꯩ[꯱꯲] ꯏꯪꯂꯤꯁ ꯋꯥꯍꯟꯊꯣꯛ[꯱꯳]

ꯀꯕꯨꯏ ꯆꯥꯗꯤ ꯅꯨꯔꯥꯕꯤ꯫

ꯄꯣꯀꯇꯥꯕꯤꯅꯥ ꯂꯪꯒꯣꯅꯕꯤ꯫

ꯑꯃꯨꯛ ꯊꯣꯡꯕꯥ ꯇꯔꯅꯥ꯫

ꯅꯨꯃꯤꯗꯥꯡ ꯆꯔꯥ ꯑꯣꯏꯖꯥꯕꯤ꯫

ꯅꯨꯃꯤꯗꯥꯡ ꯊꯣꯡꯕꯥ ꯇꯔꯅꯥ꯫

ꯑꯌꯨꯛꯀꯤ ꯆꯤꯟꯗꯃꯆꯥꯌꯣꯝ ꯑꯣꯏꯖꯕꯤ꯫

ꯑꯦꯅꯨꯡ ꯅꯣꯡꯅꯥ ꯉꯟꯗ꯭ꯔꯤꯡꯒꯦꯏ꯫

ꯅꯃꯨ ꯃꯤꯀꯨꯞ ꯂꯣꯟꯗ꯭ꯔꯤꯡꯒꯦ꯫

ꯁꯤꯡꯖꯥ ꯂꯪꯒꯨꯕꯨ ꯄꯥꯎꯁꯤꯕꯤꯔꯦꯌ꯫

ꯀꯕꯨꯏ ꯆꯥꯗꯤ ꯅꯨꯔꯥꯕꯤ꯫

ꯑꯌꯨꯛ ꯌꯦꯟꯗꯥ ꯃꯉ꯭ꯒꯗꯒꯤ꯫

ꯀꯣꯔꯣꯎ ꯁꯤꯡꯖꯥ ꯂꯪꯒꯨꯕꯤ꯫

ꯍꯨꯃꯥꯡꯒꯤ ꯂꯦꯏꯔꯤꯛ ꯀꯥꯡꯗ꯭ꯔꯤꯡꯒꯦꯏ꯫

ꯂꯣꯏꯃꯝ ꯐꯧꯁꯨ ꯇꯥꯀꯄꯤꯔꯦꯌ꯫

ꯍꯣ ꯇꯥꯀꯄꯤꯔꯦꯌ (꯳)꯫

ꯂꯣꯏꯃꯝ ꯐꯧꯁꯨꯕꯤ꯫

ꯑꯋꯥ ꯃꯦꯏꯁꯥ ꯂꯣꯏꯗ꯭ꯔꯤꯅꯦꯏ ꯄꯣꯛꯇꯥꯕꯤ ꯃꯃꯅꯥ꯫

ꯄꯥꯝꯂꯧ ꯌꯥꯜꯂꯨꯕꯨ ꯇꯥꯀꯞꯔꯦ ꯫


ꯇꯥꯔꯥ ꯆꯥꯖꯤꯛ ꯆꯔꯥꯒꯥ꯫

ꯈꯥꯂꯦꯏ ꯌꯣꯠꯄꯨ ꯄꯥꯏꯗꯨꯅꯥ꯫

ꯀꯕꯨꯏ ꯆꯥꯗꯤ ꯅꯨꯔꯥꯕꯤ꯫

ꯄꯣꯊꯥꯕꯥꯗꯤ ꯌꯥꯑꯣꯗꯥꯅꯥ꯫

ꯄꯥꯝꯂꯧ ꯇꯟꯅꯥꯕꯨ ꯂꯥꯀꯆꯔꯦ ꯫ ꯲

ꯀꯕꯨꯏ ꯆꯥꯗꯤ ꯅꯨꯔꯥꯕꯤ꯫

ꯑꯋꯥ ꯃꯦꯏꯁꯥ ꯂꯪꯕꯥꯗꯥ꯫

ꯈꯥꯉ꯭ꯒꯃꯗ꯭ꯔꯕꯤ ꯂꯦꯏꯔꯥꯡꯗꯣ꯫

ꯈꯨꯇꯥꯒꯤ ꯌꯣꯇꯂꯦꯏ ꯊꯥꯗꯣꯛꯂꯦ꯫

ꯀꯧꯔꯧ ꯅꯣꯡꯗꯣꯜ ꯊꯥꯖꯥ ꯌꯦꯡ ꯫


ꯄꯥꯂꯦꯝ ꯃꯥꯃꯥꯕꯨ ꯀꯧꯗꯨꯅꯥ꯫

ꯍꯤꯛꯅꯥ ꯍꯤꯛꯅꯥ ꯀꯄꯆꯥꯈꯤꯗꯣ꯫

ꯂꯥꯏꯕꯛ ꯊꯤꯕꯤ ꯅꯨꯖꯥꯗꯣ꯫

ꯀꯦꯒꯦꯏ ꯃꯥꯏꯀꯦꯏ ꯌꯦꯡꯗꯨꯅꯥ꯫

ꯆꯤꯡꯒꯨ ꯊꯥꯒꯣꯅꯔꯥꯛ-ꯏ ꯫

ꯍꯤꯛꯅꯥ ꯀꯤꯀꯅꯥ ꯀꯄꯇꯨꯅꯥ ꯫


ꯀꯣꯔꯣꯎ ꯃꯦꯏꯁꯥ ꯂꯪꯕꯥꯗꯥ꯫

ꯆꯤꯡ-ꯎ ꯏꯕꯨꯡꯒꯣ꯫

ꯍꯥ ꯃꯣꯏꯔꯉ꯭ꯒꯤ ꯊꯥꯡꯖꯤꯡ꯫

ꯅꯍꯀꯇꯤ ꯆꯅꯕꯤ ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯥ ꯃꯄꯨꯅꯤ꯫

ꯄꯥꯃꯦꯜ ꯃꯥꯗꯤ ꯈꯥꯡꯃꯃꯤ꯫

ꯅꯤꯡꯊꯦꯝ ꯎꯂꯦꯟ ꯅꯉꯕꯥꯗꯥ꯫

ꯄꯥꯃꯦꯟ ꯎꯔꯥꯏ ꯇꯥꯗꯦꯗꯣ꯫

ꯄꯥꯃꯦꯟ ꯃꯥꯗꯤ ꯑꯦꯉ꯭ꯒꯥ ꯀꯨꯃꯗꯃꯂꯛꯄꯗꯥ꯫

ꯑꯦꯉ꯭ꯒꯦꯟ ꯈꯨꯃꯈꯔꯀꯄꯗꯥ ꯄꯥꯃꯦꯜ ꯃꯗꯤ꯫

ꯋꯥꯏ ꯃꯀꯇꯥꯕꯨ ꯍꯥꯌꯗꯦꯗꯣ ꯑꯋꯥ ꯃꯦꯏꯁꯥ ꯈꯥꯡꯃꯗꯥꯅꯥ꯫

ꯄꯥꯃꯦꯜ ꯂꯛꯇꯥꯕꯨ ꯇꯤꯅꯖꯥꯒꯦ ꯆꯤꯡꯅꯕꯥ ꯅꯪꯅꯥ꯫

ꯀꯨꯕꯤꯌꯨ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯋꯥꯗꯤ ꯍꯥꯌꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯇꯦꯟꯊꯥ ꯆꯤꯡꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥꯔꯥꯃꯂꯒꯥ꯫


ꯃꯔꯥꯃꯅꯥ ꯂꯃꯂꯦꯟ ꯂꯃꯅꯨꯡꯁꯤ꯫

ꯀꯦꯒꯦꯌ ꯃꯣꯏꯔꯥꯡꯁꯨ ꯂꯃꯀꯣꯟꯅꯨꯡ꯫

ꯊꯥꯝꯕꯜ ꯅꯣꯡꯁꯥ ꯂꯧꯎ-ꯁꯤꯡꯎ꯫

ꯌꯦꯡꯠꯔꯥ ꯅꯣꯡꯍꯨꯟ ꯂꯧꯎ꯫

ꯐꯤꯕꯨꯟ ꯅꯥꯏꯔꯣꯡꯆꯤꯡ꯫

ꯁꯔꯦꯡ ꯆꯤꯡꯕꯨ ꯆꯤꯡꯃꯦꯏꯅꯦ꯫

ꯊꯥꯡꯖꯤꯡ ꯂꯃꯂꯣꯟ ꯑꯋꯥꯡꯕꯥ꯫

ꯂꯣꯏꯕꯤ ꯊꯛꯇꯥꯕꯨ ꯀꯔꯛꯂꯦ ꯫

ꯑꯋꯥꯕꯥꯅꯤ ꯂꯥꯏꯕꯤꯛ ꯊꯤꯕꯤ ꯅꯨꯖꯥꯗꯣ꯫

ꯀꯕꯨꯏ ꯆꯥꯗꯤ ꯅꯨꯔꯥꯕꯤ꯫

ꯂꯣꯏꯕꯤ ꯊꯛꯇꯥ ꯂꯦꯄꯇꯨꯅꯥ꯫

ꯈꯣꯏꯌꯨꯝ ꯊꯥꯡꯖꯤꯡ ꯊꯥꯒꯣꯟꯅꯥ꯫

ꯑꯋꯥ ꯃꯦꯏꯁꯥ ꯈꯥꯡꯒꯝꯕꯤ꯫


ꯅꯨꯉ꯭ꯒꯥꯏꯔꯀꯇꯥ ꯆꯣꯟꯊꯣꯔꯛꯂꯦꯗꯥ꯫

ꯅꯨꯔꯥ ꯃꯅꯥ ꯄꯥꯏꯊꯦꯏ ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯥꯒꯤꯄꯥꯏꯊꯥ ꯂꯃꯖꯥꯑꯣ ꯊꯣꯟꯅꯦꯏꯌꯦꯏ ꯫

ꯂꯦꯃꯅꯥ ꯃꯥꯡꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯗꯦꯗꯣ꯫

ꯁꯤꯉ꯭ꯒꯦꯟ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ ꯁꯥꯏꯌꯣꯅꯂꯦ꯫

ꯁꯥꯖꯤꯕꯨ ꯂꯥꯏꯌꯦꯟ ꯇꯥꯏꯕꯗꯥ꯫

ꯀꯣꯏꯅꯥ ꯂꯦꯏꯍꯨꯟ ꯇꯝꯕꯥꯗꯥ꯫

ꯁꯤꯉ꯭ꯒꯦꯟ ꯂꯦꯏꯁꯥꯠ ꯇꯃꯛꯂꯦ꯫

ꯍꯥꯗꯥ ꯂꯦꯏꯔꯥꯡ ꯂꯦꯏꯅꯨꯡꯁꯤ ꯫


ꯑꯋꯥꯡ ꯀꯧꯕ꯭ꯔꯨ ꯂꯣꯀꯆꯤꯅꯀꯣꯜ꯫

ꯍꯦꯝꯕꯥꯅꯥꯕꯨ ꯂꯥꯂꯨꯝ ꯈꯨꯟ꯫

ꯍꯨꯏꯔꯦꯏ ꯉꯥꯡꯕꯤ ꯆꯤꯡꯅꯨꯡꯀꯣꯛ꯫

ꯊꯣꯗꯨ ꯅꯟꯗꯕꯥ ꯈꯨꯟꯗꯥꯅꯥ ꯄꯥꯅꯕꯕꯨ ꯂꯦꯏꯔꯪꯅꯤ꯫

ꯃꯔꯣꯟꯅꯤꯕꯥ ꯂꯣꯟꯗ꯭ꯔꯦꯕꯥ꯫

ꯃꯈꯨꯅꯤꯗꯥꯕꯨ ꯈꯨꯟꯗ꯭ꯔꯦꯕꯥ꯫

ꯍꯥꯑꯣꯕꯥ ꯈꯣꯡꯖꯥꯏꯕꯅꯤꯡꯊꯧꯕꯥ꯫

ꯇꯣꯂꯣꯡꯈꯣꯝꯕꯥ ꯀꯧꯕꯥ꯫

ꯈꯨꯠꯇꯥ ꯁꯤꯡꯖꯥꯡ ꯄꯥꯏꯗꯨꯅꯥꯎꯔꯥꯏ ꯍꯥꯟꯅꯥ, ꯍꯥꯡꯗ꯭ꯔꯦꯏ ꯆꯟꯗꯨꯅꯥ꯫

ꯄꯥꯃꯦꯜ ꯁꯤꯡꯖꯥ ꯂꯪꯕꯥꯗꯥ꯫

ꯂꯦꯏꯔꯥꯡ ꯃꯥꯕꯨ ꯌꯥꯑꯣꯕꯥ ꯂꯦꯏ ꯫


ꯂꯦꯏꯔꯥꯡ ꯃꯥꯎ ꯇꯕꯥꯅꯥ꯫

ꯄꯥꯃꯦꯜ ꯎꯖꯥꯑꯣ ꯃꯥꯅꯕꯥ ꯂꯦꯏ꯫

ꯂꯦꯏꯔꯉ꯭ꯒꯤ ꯂꯦꯏꯕꯥꯅꯥ꯫

ꯀꯥꯑꯣꯔꯦꯟ ꯈꯣꯡꯒꯨ ꯃꯥꯅꯕꯤ ꯂꯦꯏ꯫

ꯂꯦꯏꯔꯥꯡ ꯃꯥꯅꯥ ꯄꯣꯃꯂꯤꯡꯒꯦ꯫

ꯅꯨꯔꯥꯒꯤ ꯈꯨꯠꯁꯥ ꯃꯥꯅꯕꯤ ꯂꯦꯏ꯫

ꯂꯦꯏꯔꯥꯡ ꯐꯨꯒꯥꯏꯅꯥ ꯁꯇꯂꯒꯥ꯫

ꯂꯨꯄꯥꯏ ꯅꯥꯆꯣꯝ ꯃꯥꯅꯕꯤ ꯂꯦꯏ꯫


ꯂꯦꯏꯔꯪꯅꯥ ꯁꯇꯄꯥ ꯎꯕꯥꯗꯥ꯫

ꯃꯣꯏꯔꯉ꯭ꯒꯤ ꯌꯥꯏꯐꯕꯥ꯫

ꯊꯤꯌꯥꯝ ꯆꯥꯑꯣꯕꯥꯒꯤ ꯃꯝꯃꯂꯣꯏ꯫

ꯀꯨꯃꯖꯥꯂꯦꯝꯕꯤ ꯑꯦꯕꯦꯝꯃꯥ꯫

ꯂꯣꯏꯕꯤ ꯆꯤꯡꯗꯥ ꯀꯗꯨꯅꯥ꯫

ꯁꯤꯉꯦꯟ ꯋꯥꯅꯥ ꯍꯦꯛꯆꯥꯔꯌꯦ꯫


ꯅꯨꯡꯁꯤꯗꯥꯀꯣ ꯏꯇꯥꯔꯣꯏ꯫

ꯁꯤꯉ꯭ꯒꯦꯟ ꯅꯪꯕꯨ ꯍꯦꯛꯂꯥꯒꯥ꯫

ꯅꯨꯡꯁꯤ ꯃꯄꯥꯎ ꯅꯥꯒꯕꯥꯗꯥ꯫

ꯂꯦꯏꯔꯥꯡ ꯃꯥꯏꯌꯣꯛ ꯑꯣꯏꯖꯒꯦ ꯫


ꯁꯟꯖꯦꯟꯊꯣꯡꯒꯤ ꯊꯣꯡꯌꯥꯏꯗꯥ꯫

ꯅꯨꯔꯥ ꯀꯨꯃꯖꯥꯔꯦꯝꯕꯤꯅꯥ꯫

ꯂꯦꯏꯔꯥꯡ ꯈꯨꯠꯇꯥ ꯄꯥꯏꯗꯨꯅꯥ꯫

ꯃꯊꯥꯡꯂꯦꯟ ꯄꯨꯃꯅꯥꯑꯣ ꯇꯕꯥꯁꯨ꯫

ꯉꯥꯡꯒꯝ ꯂꯦꯏꯅꯤꯀꯣ ꯂꯦꯏꯅꯨꯡꯁꯤ ꯫


ꯍꯥꯗꯥ ꯂꯦꯏꯔꯥꯡ ꯏꯇꯥꯔꯣꯏ꯫

ꯄꯥꯟꯊꯣꯎꯁꯤꯡꯅꯥ ꯁꯣꯟꯅꯥꯕꯥ꯫

ꯂꯣꯏꯕꯤ ꯆꯅꯨꯔꯥ ꯑꯃꯃꯅꯥ꯫

ꯁꯥꯏꯌꯣꯅꯕꯤꯅꯤ ꯍꯥꯌꯅꯦꯏꯀꯣ꯫

ꯁꯤꯉ꯭ꯒꯦꯟ ꯀꯣꯜꯂꯣꯏ ꯊꯣꯟꯗꯨꯅꯥ꯫

ꯂꯣꯏꯕꯤ ꯆꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯂꯣꯀꯃꯪꯗꯥ꯫

ꯃꯥꯂꯪ ꯆꯦꯏꯔꯣꯏꯅꯥꯗꯨꯅꯥ꯫

ꯌꯦꯟꯗꯨ ꯅꯪꯕꯨ ꯃꯉ꯭ꯒꯂꯥꯒꯗ꯭ꯔ꯫


ꯉꯥꯁꯤ ꯀꯨꯟꯖꯥꯂꯦꯝꯕꯤ ꯑꯩꯍꯥꯀꯅꯥ꯫

ꯂꯣꯏꯕꯤ ꯆꯅꯨꯔꯥꯅꯥ ꯁꯥꯏꯌꯣꯅꯕꯥ ꯏꯇꯥ ꯅꯪꯕꯨ꯫

ꯆꯤꯡꯗꯥꯒꯤ ꯃꯤꯡꯊꯥꯡ ꯈꯥꯔꯥ ꯂꯧꯎ꯫

ꯂꯣꯏꯕꯤ ꯆꯅꯨꯔꯥꯒꯤ ꯃꯤꯡꯊꯥꯡ ꯈꯔ ꯂꯧꯎ꯫

ꯂꯦꯏꯔꯥꯡ ꯅꯥꯃꯤꯡꯗꯨ꯫

ꯂꯣꯏꯕꯤ ꯆꯤꯡꯊ꯭ꯔꯥꯑꯣ ꯊꯣꯜꯂꯃꯒꯦꯏꯀꯣ ꯏꯇꯥꯔꯣꯏ꯫

The lass of Kabui Tribe

Guardianed by the woman who bore her not

The morning-cooked rice, cold and old

Would be for her the night meal

The old food of the day gone

It’d be packed and bound for her day-meal

Well before the day breaks

When the village folks are fast asleep

Out in the forest was she sent to gather fire-woods


The lass of Kabui Tribe

Who before day-break

Brought home fire-woods

Well ere the sweat-beads on her fair face did dry

Was she told to do the pounding of all the rice

Ho … she was told (3)

Well ere the weariness and the anguish ends the mother who bore her not

Tasked the lass to slash at the Jhum field


Eating the life-giving food

Iron spade in her hands

The lass of Kabui Tribe

Knowing no rest

Out set she for the Zhum field

The lass of Kabui Tribe

Burning herself through the sufferings

The flower like maiden who could no longer bear

The iron spade slipped away from her hands

Skyward she raised her gaze at the moon


Calling aloud to her mother

She wailed in utter distress

The ill-fated lass

Then turning herself towards Kege

Prayed to the Lord

Crying her heart out.


Agonized by the days unbearable

To the Lord

Haa … Thangjing of Moirang

The kind-hearted master that you are!

The tall trees could bear

The frost of the winter

Could bother it not

Whilst the Early Monsoon makes up the fate of the floral lives that season

And the Later Monsoons hands out the fate of the floral lives that season

Said the mighty trees not a word of weariness

Resilient and bearing

Make me one among them Lord

Kindly do oblige, saying these words

Wailing aloud she said


Beloved native land of hers

The fields of Kege-Moirang

The fields of Thambal-Nongsha slopes

The Nonghu meadows beheld

The Fibun Ngaroi Hills

The place where Sareng Hill ends.

The Thangjing Highlands

Upward on the mountain she climbed

Woefully the ill-fated maiden

With prayers to Lord Thangjing in her heart

The agony she had been bearing.


Downward she jumped unto the rocks

That the maiden flew down, the place

Was hence named Paitha meadows

In vain could she not perish

Hence reincarnated the lass as a Flower on the trees

And when winter cold ends

The buds do spring

The one blossom on the trees too appeared

Oh! Ye beloved Flower


At North Koubru where the

The village of Hemban Lalum Khun

The Peak Hurei Nganbi

There seated aloft the boulders unsmooth these blossoms

Of different tongue spoken

Of different village lived

The Chief of Khongjai Tribe

Tollongkhomba was his name

Axe in hand Cut and bound trees

Gathering Firewood

In the bundle … the flowers … the wood was bounded too


Looking at the Trunk

She seems a tree mighty and told

Looking at the petals

She resembles the cattle’s footprints

Looking at the bud

She looks like maiden’s finger

And when she fully blooms

She becomes the intricate silver flower bunch worn at beauty’s ears


Seeing the flowers in full bloom

The prosperous of Moirang

Thiyam Chaoba whose daughter

The fair maiden Kunjalembi

Atop the mountain she went

Ventured the tiresome climb and dearly did pluck


Beloved companion

Holding you in my hands

When I wait for words from my suitor

You be for me the one to stand with

Amid the wooden bridge stood she

Fair maiden Kunjalembi

Flower in hand

In wait of her suitor Pungnao Taba

Beloved flower did accompany her


Haada flower beloved friend of mine

The village fathers did say

Of a highland lass

Become you are.


Lovely flower unnamed

Afront the mountain waterfalls

Blown ajar by the wind

Fear that you might lose your way


This day, I Kunjalembi

Oh beloved friend – reincarnated by a lass of the hills

Deriving a little from ‘Ching’

I give to you my dear

Your name ‘Loibi Chingthrao’.

ꯃꯇꯦꯡ ꯂꯧꯔꯛꯐꯝ

ꯁꯦꯝꯒꯠꯂꯨ
  1. ꯱.꯰ ꯱.꯱ ꯱.꯲ Akoijam, I.S. (2004). Manipurgee Chingmee Tamee, Manipur University Library, Imphal (in mni), India: Manipur Sahitya Samiti, Thoubal, Manipur; Digital Library of India, 32–34. 
  2. ꯲.꯰ ꯲.꯱ Singh, Tomcha Wahengbam (2014). "Ahaanba Pandup (Ahaanba Utpa - Kumcha Lempi)", Kunjamala, Manipur University Library, Imphal (in mni), India: Sanasam Ingotombi Singh, Imphal; Digital Library of India, 6–12. 
  3. Singh, Tomcha Wahengbam (2014). "Ahaanba Pandup (Anishuba Utpa - Kumcha Lempi)", Kunjamala, Manipur University Library, Imphal (in mni), India: Sanasam Ingotombi Singh, Imphal; Digital Library of India, 13–18. 
  4. ꯴.꯰ ꯴.꯱ Singh, Kokngang (1970). Anouba Yenning, Manipur University Library, Imphal (in mni), India: Ibemcha Home Library, Kongpal, Imphal; Digital Library of India, 6–12. 
  5. ꯵.꯰ ꯵.꯱ Singh, Kokngang (2008). Apunba Saklon, Manipur University Library, Imphal (in mni), India: Kongbantabam Bidyalaxmi Devi; Digital Library of India, 6–12. 
  6. ꯶.꯰ ꯶.꯱ Singh, Tomcha Wahengbam (2014). "Ahumshuba Pandup (Kumcha Lempi)", Kunjamala, Manipur University Library, Imphal (in mni), India: Sanasam Ingotombi Singh, Imphal; Digital Library of India, 118–129. 
  7. Hodson, T. C. (1908). The Meitheis, Duke University Libraries, London: D. Nutt, 151. 

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